How did Hitler turn the Chancellorship into a dictatorship by 1934?

1. How did Hitler turn the Chancellorship into a dictatorship by 1934?

2. Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depressionduring 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control-For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Controlof State by aDictator

3. The depression after the Wall Street Crash made many more people vote for the Nazis. In 1933 Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler should become Chancellor. Hitler became Chancellor January 1933

4. The Reichstag Fire February 1933

5. The Reichstag Fire • The Reichstag building burnt down. • A communist was found inside the building. He admitted responsibility. • Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the Communists were trying to take power by terrorism. • He was able to have the Communists banned from the Reichstag. February 1933

6. The Enabling Act With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass: HITLER CAN RULE ALONE FOR FOUR YEARS. THERE IS NO NEED TO CONSULT THE REICHSTAG. March 1933

7. THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES! KPD SPD SPD- Social DemocratsKPD- CommunistsDDP- German DemocraticZentrum- German Centre Party (Catholic) DDP Zentrum

8. Political prisoners were put in concentration camps run by the S.S.

9. The Night of the Long Knives Now I have got rid of opposition political groups, I can now deal with opposition in my party. Ernst Rohm (an old friend), head of the S.A. is very unpopular with the German army leaders. They have the power to overthrow me.I’ve been worried about Rohm for a while, so this is a good excuse. June 1934

10. The Night of the Long Knives • Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too much of a threat. • On the night of 30th June 1934 Hitler’s S.S. killed over 1000 SA members including Rohm. • The army were pleased. • Hitler had gained the support of the army.

11. The death of President Hindenburg A final note PRESIDENT HINDENBURG’S DEATH GAVE HITLER THE OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE THE ROLE OF CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED HIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’. August 1934

12. Oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.

13. So, how did he become a dictator legally?

14. HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR THE REICHSTAG FIRE THE ENABLING ACT Der Fuhrer OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG

15. Now, how did Hitlerconsolidate his power?

16. Nazi Military State • GESTAPO: the Secret State Police • SS(Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA • SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties • Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east • Wehrmacht: German army • HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth • Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units • Volk:all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

17. High nationalism andparades

18. rallies

19. Book burnings

20. Propaganda

21. “The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violenceagainst the Jewish community. This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

22. YOUTH