The Eastern Partnership ― concepts and dilemmas －

1. The Eastern Partnership― concepts and dilemmas － Akio KOMORIDA Kanagawa University

2. Developments and difficulties for the EU enlargement deepening of integration European Union

3. European NeighbourhoodPolicy Eastern Partnership six post-Soviet republics Black Sea Synergy Euro-Mediterranean Partnership

4. History of the Eastern Partnership 2004 EU Enlargement to the East (8+2 new member countries) European Neighbourhood Policy initiative of Poland and Sweden 2009 inauguration of the Eastern Partnership under the Czech presidency

5. Four thematic platforms of EaP I. Democracy, good governance and stability Panel 1. integrated border management Panel 2. fight against corruption Panel 3. administrative reform III. Energy security II. Economic integration and convergence with EU Panel 1. support for small and medium-sized enterprises Panel 2. support for trade Panel 3. protection of the environment and climate change IV. Contacts between people

6. “The Eastern Partnership was launched … in an effort by the EU and its Eastern European partners to help promote political and economic reforms and assist the countries to move closer to the EU. At its basis lies a shared commitment to international law and fundamental values, including democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as to market economy, sustainable development and good governance.” (Eastern Partnership: A Roadmap to the autumn 2013 Summit)

7. Meaning of “to move closer to the EU” political principles ・democracy ・rule of law ・human rights economic interests ・common market ・financial transfer necessity of catch-up geopolitical concern

8. Three levels of relationships Summit,meetings of ministries etc. EaP 6 EU 27 Pol Ukr Association Agreement etc.

9. Dilemma of the EaP (1) What is the strategic goal of EaP? shared political will & effective instruments? differentiated approaches - inevitable different positions (the government／the society) as to the EU as an optimal model of development as to the future EU membership (“European aspiration”) to spread the EU standards but difficult to give a clear word on the membership The EU the partner countries

10. Dilemma of the EaP (2) Between economic interests and political principles but then “the more for more” principle The more partner country makes progress, the more support it will receive from the EU. Economic development or potentials are not necessarily accompanied by political reforms. Which is more important, economic interests or political principles?

11. Dilemmas of the EaP (3) How to deal with relationship with Russia? ＊interested in the direction of developments of this region(post-soviet republics) ＊conflicts around “the parts”of some countries ＊necessary to keep good relationship with Russia especially for Germany and France Russia The EU ＊straight choice between the EU and Russia- difficult the partner countries

12. EU-Ukraine relationship 1998 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement 2007 start of negotiations on of the new agreement 2008 WTO membership start of negotiations on of Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) as a core element of the Association Agreement 2009 inauguration of the Eastern Partnership 2012 initialed the Association Agreement 2013 Summit in Vilnius signing of the Association Agreement ?

13. EU-Ukraine Association Agreement Preamble Common values : democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and rule of law European aspiration of Ukraine Title I : General Principles Title II : Political dialogue and reform, political association, cooperation and convergence in the field of foreign and security policy

14. EU-Ukraine Association Agreement Title III : Justice, Freedom and Security Title IV: Trade and Trade-Related Matters Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) Title V : Economic and sector cooperation Title VI : Financial cooperation, with anti-fraud provisions Title VII : Institutional, general and final provisions EU-Ukraine Summit Association Council Association Committee Parliamentary Association Committee Civil Society Platform

15. Will the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement be successfully signed? The EU has shelved the Association Agreement over the issue of Y. Tymoshenko. Here the dilemmas of the Eastern Partnership are concentratedlyexpressed.

16. Poland as a country of “medium” size

17. Poland’s Approaches to the EU ・skepticism toward German-French dominance ・Europe of sovereign states ・veto power in decision making process Independence-oriented approach Eastern Partnership Eastern Partnership the Eastern Partnership ・cooperation with Germany and France ・deeper European integration ・incorporation of its own interest and experiences into the EU policy Entering-the-mainstream approach

18. What is Ukraine for Poland? the eastern border of the EU migration from the East between Poland and Russia historical context “Is Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation possible?” Ukraine : the most advanced relationship with the EU Belarus : political difficulties / Polish minorities (3.1%)

19. Territory of Polandfrom the interwar to the post-war period

20. ＊Ukraine as a part of Poland (&Lithuania) before 1795 ＊divided Ukraine in the interwar period ＊Ukrainians’ struggle for independence “bandits” or “heroes”?＊post-war Poland before 1989 ethnic minorities within the country – invisible negative image of Ukrainians – maintained ＊after 1989 open discussions on Poland-Ukraine relationship including the problem of history direct contacts with Ukrainians mainly as migrant workers gradual change of attitude towards Ukrainians and Ukraine

21. How do you define your relation to Ukrainians?(CBOS)

22. “Is Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation possible?”(CBOS, May 2006)

23. Is boycott of Euro 2012 in Ukraine correct or not? (CBOS, May 2012)

24. “Is it necessary for Poland to seek for tightening of relationship with the six post-soviet republics within the framework of the EU?” (CBOS, June 2009)

25. “Is Polish-Russian friendly relationship possible?” (CBOS, May 2006)