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Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction. Branches of Genetics. 1. Transmission genetics Classical or Mendelian genetics 2. Molecular genetics chromosomes, DNA, regulation of gene expression recombinant DNA, biotechnology, bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics Population, evolutionary genetics

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Chapter 1 Introduction

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction

  2. Branches of Genetics 1. Transmission genetics • Classical or Mendelian genetics 2. Molecular genetics • chromosomes, DNA, regulation of gene expression • recombinant DNA, biotechnology, bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics • Population, evolutionary genetics • allelic frequencies in populations • effects of migration • studyrelatedness of taxa via DNA and protein analysis 4. Quantitative genetics • effects of many genes

  3. What is a gene? • A unit of inheritance • A specific location on a chromosome • A sequence of base pairs • Transcribed into mRNA • Encodes a protein • Expressed • The specifier of a phenotype • Composed of DNA

  4. Model Organisms cheap to grow short generation time can control mating no ethical concerns many offspring some have simpler systems small (most)

  5. Why use model organisms? • Development • Disease • Metabolic pathways (biochemistry) • Evolution • All living organisms share a common descent

  6. Prokaryotic model organism Bacteria E. coli

  7. Eukaryotic model organism 1. Unicellular • Saccharomyces cerevisiae • Bakers yeast • Chlamydomonasreinhardtii • Green algae

  8. 2. Multicellular Neurospora crassa • Orange bread mold C. elegans • Nematode worm • 1mm long, 959 cells, transparent

  9. Xenopus laevis big eggs Zebra danio transparent development http://www.biology.uiowa.edu/faculty_info.php?ID=1120

  10. Arabidopsis thaliana • small plant/mustard family Drosophila melanogaster • Fruit fly Mus musculus

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