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The "banlieues" of Paris. Understanding the links between immigration and segregation . Jean-Louis Pan Ké Shon http://jlpks.free.fr jean-louis.pan-ke-shon@ined.fr. The suburbs of Paris. Definitions of a ‘banlieue’ Urbanized zone outside a city centre
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The "banlieues" of Paris Understanding the links between immigration and segregation Jean-Louis Pan Ké Shon http://jlpks.free.fr jean-louis.pan-ke-shon@ined.fr
The suburbs of Paris Definitions of a ‘banlieue’ Urbanizedzone outside a city centre Representation of a ‘banlieue’ + working class or disadvantagedneighbourhoods Population of the Parisiansuburbs Outer City / InnerSuburb
Paris, its‘banlieues’ and the Paris region Outer City / Inner Suburb
Post-war housing crisis in France Housingshortage • 20% of dwellingsdamaged or destroyed • Construction backlog of 2 million dwellings • 3 million sub-standard dwellings Population increase Outer City / InnerSuburb
Parisian population growth A doubling of the Parisian population between 1946 and 1975 Causes of population growth • Positive naturalgrowth • Positive net migration from French regions • Influx of immigrants and Algerianrepatriates Outer City / InnerSuburb
Paris ‘banlieue’. New high-riseestate in 1964 Outer City / InnerSuburb Outer City / Inner Suburb
Housingestate, Clichy-sous-Bois Outer City / InnerSuburb Outer City / Inner Suburb
Population distribution Paris region, 1999 30 KM Outer City / InnerSuburb Outer City / Inner Suburb
Concentration of foreignhouseholds. Paris region, 1999 Outer City / Inner Suburb
% immigrés Région Paris / total pop. Région Paris 2008 % Total proportion of immigrants in Paris region: 17.3 % France: 8.4 % Outer City / Inner Suburb
Segregation in the Paris region Dissimilarity index Source : Préteceille, 2009 Outer City / Inner Suburb
Segregation of non-Europeans in the Paris region Number of highlysegregatedneighbourhoods in 1999 Source : Recensements, Préteceille, 2009 Outer City / Inner Suburb
Residentialmobility of personsleavingdisadvantagedneighbourhoods 1990-1999 French nationalswhomoved: 63.1 % African immigrants whomoved: 55.5 % Outer City / InnerSuburb
Immigrant segregation Claims Observations Decrease in segregation Segregatedneighbourhoods are multi-ethnic High residential turnover Residentialmobility of ethnicminoritiesisgenerallyupward The majority of immigrants live outsidesegregatedneighbourhoods No ghettoes, but a few hyper-segregatedneighbourhoods • Increase in segregation • Mono-ethnicsegregatedneighbourhoods • Residentialimmobility • Mobility, but continued segregation • Immigrants pose problemsbecause of their segregation • Tendencytowardsghettoization Outer City / InnerSuburb
The "banlieues" of Paris Understanding the links between immigration and segregation Jean-Louis Pan Ké Shon http://jlpks.free.fr jean-louis.pan-ke-shon@ined.fr
Évolution des effectifs d’immigrés - France Outer City / Inner Suburb
Immigrés Seine-St-Denis (93) / immigrés région Paris 2008 % Population totale du 93 : 1,5 M Immigrée : 0,4 M Outer City / Inner Suburb