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CHAPTER 16

WORLD WAR I. CHAPTER 16. Europe Before World War I. THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM. TRIPLE ENTENTE GREAT BRITAIN FRANCE RUSSIA THIS BEGAN IN 1894 WITH FRANCE AND RUSSIA. GREAT BRITAIN JOINED IN 1907 TO COMPLETE THE ALLIANCE. TRIPLE ALLIANCE GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY ITALY

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CHAPTER 16

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  1. WORLD WAR I CHAPTER 16

  2. Europe Before World War I

  3. THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM • TRIPLE ENTENTE • GREAT BRITAIN • FRANCE • RUSSIA • THIS BEGAN IN 1894 WITH FRANCE AND RUSSIA. • GREAT BRITAIN JOINED IN 1907 TO COMPLETE THE ALLIANCE.

  4. TRIPLE ALLIANCE • GERMANY • AUSTRIA-HUNGARY • ITALY • THIS ALLIANCE BEGAN IN 1879 WITH GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. • IT WAS COMPLETED IN 1882 WHEN ITALY JOINED.

  5. The following alliances developed as the war started or shortly afterwards. • THE ALLIES -GREAT BRITAIN -FRANCE -RUSSIA -JAPAN -ITALY (1915) -UNITED STATES (1917)

  6. CENTRAL POWERS -GERMANY -AUSTRIA-HUNGARY -OTTOMAN EMPIRE -BULGARIA

  7. FOUR MAJOR CAUSES OF WWI • NATIONALISM • IMPERIALISM • MILITARISM • SYSTEM OF ENTANGLING ALLIANCES

  8. NATIONALISM • A DEEP LOVE OR PRIDE IN ONE’S COUNTRY • CAN SERVE AS A UNIFYING FORCE -Germany competed with Great Britain for industrial dominance. -France lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war. -Austria-Hungary and Russia (Balkans)

  9. IMPERIALISM • WHEN A STRONGER NATION TAKES CONTROL OF A SMALLER NATION ECONOMICALLY, SOCIALLY, AND POLITICALLY. • CREATED MISTRUST BETWEEN EUROPEAN NATIONS (AFRICA / ASIA)

  10. MILITARISM • THIS IS THE GLORIFICATION OF WAR AND KEEPING AN ARMY READY FOR WAR. (GERMANY / PRUSSIA) • WHAT WAS THE REST OF EUROPE’S REACTION?

  11. ENTANGLING ALLIANCES • ORIGINALLY ESTABLISHED TO KEEP PEACE • IN THE END IT CREATED WAR

  12. OTTO VON BISMARCK

  13. OTTO VON BISMARCK • GERMAN CHANCELLOR (OLD BLOOD AND IRON) • SAW FRANCE AS THE GREATEST THREAT TO PEACE AND WORKED TO ISOLATE FRANCE FROM POTENTIAL ALLIES

  14. KAISER WILHELM II

  15. KAISER WILHELM II • IN 1888, HE BECOMES GERMANY’S NEW RULER. • IN 1890, FORCES BISMARCK TO RESIGN • LETS TREATY WITH RUSSIA LAPSE • RUSSIA AND FRANCE FORM A DEFENSIVE MILITARY ALLIANCE • BISMARCK’S GREATEST FEAR NOW REALIZED (TWO FRONT WAR)

  16. THE “POWDER KEG OF EUROPE” • OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN DECLINE • NEW NATIONS FORMING • RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY • 1908, AUSTRIA ANNEXES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

  17. THE “POWDER KEG” OF EUROPE

  18. “THE SPARK” • THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND AND WIFE SOPHIE • 19 YEAR OLD SERBIAN NATIONALIST, GAVRILO PRINCIP / “BLACK HAND” • THIS EVENT OCCURRED ON JUNE 28, 1914, AND IS CONSIDERED THE OFFICIAL START OF WWI (THE GREAT WAR)

  19. ARCH DUKE FRANZ FERDINAND AND HIS WIFE SOPHIE

  20. FRANZ FERDINAND

  21. GAVRILLO PRINCIP

  22. EFFECTS OF THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM • AUSTRIA DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA ONE MONTH LATER (JULY 28, 1914). • AUGUST 1, 1914 – GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON RUSSIA. • AUGUST 3, 1914 – GERMANY DECLARES WAR ON FRANCE. • AUGUST 4, 1914 – GREAT BRITAIN DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY AFTER THE INVASION OF BELGIUM

  23. “THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN” 1905 • GERMANY’S PLAN FOR FIGHTING WWI • TWO PART PLAN 1. GERMANY WOULD STRIKE QUICK TO THE WEST AGAINST FRANCE. 2. AFTER THE DEFEAT OF FRANCE, GERMANY WOULD TURN EAST AND ATTACK RUSSIA.

  24. “THE WESTERN FRONT” • THE FIGHTING IN FRANCE • THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE -FIRST MAJOR BATTLE -PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT BATTLE OF THE WAR -FRANCE WON AND LEFT THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN IN RUINS • TRENCH WARFARE / “NO MAN’S LAND”

  25. GERMAN TRENCH

  26. WWI TRENCH

  27. NEW INVENTIONS OF WARFARE • POISON GAS • MACHINE GUN • TANK • AIRPLANE • SUBMARINE / U-BOAT

  28. GERMAN TANK

  29. ALLIED TANK

  30. GERMAN U-BOAT

  31. GAS MASK

  32. WWI GAS MASK

  33. GUNS OF WWI

  34. GERMAN MACHINE GUN

  35. WWI MACHINE GUN

  36. WWI AIRPLANES

  37. WWI PLANE

  38. “THE EASTERN FRONT” • ALONG THE GERMAN-RUSSIAN BORDER • RUSSIA -LACK OF INDUSTRIALIZATION -RUSSIAN ARMY SUFFERED AS A RESULT (SUPPLIES) -GREATEST ASSET WAS ITS PEOPLE

  39. THE GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN • BRING AN END TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • SECURE THE DARDANELLES STRAIT • ESTABLISH A SUPPLY LINE TO RUSSIA • AN OVERALL FAILURE • COST 250,000 LIVES

  40. HOW CAN THE ALLIES GET SUPPLIES TO RUSSIA?

  41. PACIFIC THEATER • JAPAN • BEGINS TO OVERRUN GERMAN OUTPOSTS IN CHINA • CAPTURES GERMAN PACIFIC ISLAND COLONIES

  42. PACIFIC REGION

  43. THE U.S. ENTERS WWI • THE MAIN REASON FOR U.S. ENTRY WAS THE USE OF UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE AGAIN! -MAY 7, 1915 –LUSITANIA (BRITISH) -1916, SUSSEX (FRENCH), (PLEDGE) -EARLY 1917, GERMANY BEGINS TO USE UNSTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE AGAIN AND SANK SOME U.S. MERCHANT SHIPS.

  44. THE LUSITANIA

  45. COFFINS FROM THE LUSITANIA

  46. FRENCH SHIP -- SUSSEX

  47. “THE ZIMMERMAN NOTE” • THIS WAS A 2nd REASON FOR U.S. ENTRY INTO WWI. • GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTER, ZIMMERMAN, TO THE GERMAN AMBASSADOR IN MEXICO • PERSUADE MEXICO TO DECLARE WAR ON THE U.S.

  48. THE MEXICAN CESSION

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