課程大綱

2. 課程大綱 • An Overview of Labor Market • Labor Supply: Theory and Evidence 失業率─如何解讀你看到的統計數字 • Labor Demand 全球化經濟時代之人力需求 • Labor Market Equilibrium 勞基法與就業市場 • Investment in Human Capital 高教膨脹下的升學與就業抉擇 • Labor Market Contracts and Work Incentives 年薪五百萬不是夢─淺談CEO的報酬 • Compensating Wage Differentials 「要工作，也要健康」─魚與熊掌可以兼得嗎？ • Labor Supply over Time 上班族或創業族─生涯規劃面面觀 • Labor Market Discrimination 如何看待職場中的性別議題 • Unemployment 畢業即失業─網路尋職更有效率嗎？

3. Highlights • Labor economics studies how labor markets work. • Models in labor economics typically contain three actors: workers, firms, and governments. • A good theory should have realistic assumptions and can be tested with real-world data. • The tools of economics are helpful in answering positive questions.

4. An Overview of Labor Market Science is built up with facts, as a house is with stones. But a collection of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house. -Jules Henri Poincar’e- • Labor Force: All those over 15 years of age who are either employed, actively seeking work, or awaiting recall from a layoff. (The age may vary in different countries. For example, it is 16 years of age for the U.S.) • Labor Force Participation Rate: The ratio of the labor force to those of age over 15.

5. Unemployment: Those in the labor force who are not employed(for pay). • Unemployment Rate: The ratio of those unemployed to those in the labor force. This is the most widely cited measure of labor market condition.

6. Wage Rate: Theprice of labor per working hour. Wage rate × Units of time worked = Earnings. Earnings + Fringe benefit = Compensation. Compensation + Unearned income (interest, dividends, transfer payments etc.) = Income

7. Employed Labor Force (Employed plus Unemployed) Layoffs Quits New Hire Recalls Unemployed (Not employed, but looking for work or awaiting recall) Population (Age 15 and over) New Entrants Reentrants Dropouts Retirements Not in Labor Force

8. 人力資源調查 • 目的：為瞭解民間人力供給情況，凡年滿十五歲具有工作能力與意願之經濟活動人口，定期予以調查與分析。 • 創始於民國五十一年四月。 • 本處查編臺灣地區人力資源統計，係以家庭為對象，透過抽樣調查，蒐集民間十五歲以上人口之品質、數量、勞動力結構、就業、失業、失業原因、非勞動力構成等有關基本資料。

9. 人力資源調查 • 為應各機關人力資源運用與經社決策施政需要，獲取較為詳細資料，乃於六十七年至八十年間利用同一樣本附帶舉辦下列十四種專案調查，包括：人力運用、工作經驗、住宅狀況、婦女婚育與就業、傷病醫療與就業、國內遷徙、職業訓練、青少年狀況、老人狀況、時間運用、國民休閒生活、工作期望、國民文化活動需要、國民生活型態與倫理等。

10. § Demand for Labor Product demand Wages, amount of K Choice of technologies Determines number of workers employed Wages Wage Changes: (1) Scale Effect (2) Substitution Effect A demand curve for labor tells us how the desired level of employment varies with changes in the price of labor when the other factors affecting demand are held constant. D # of workers

11. § Supply of Labor Market Supply: The supply of labor to a particular market is positively related to the wage rate prevailing in that market holding other wages constant. Wages Wages S2 S S1 # of workers # of workers

12. Wages Supply to Firms: The supply to a firm would be a horizontal line since each firm is a price taker in the competitive labor market . W* # of workers

13. § Determination of the Wages Wages Supply W1：demand exceeds supply W2：supply exceeds demand W*：Market-Clearing Wage W2 W* W1 Demand # of workers

14. Determination of the Wages • Labor market equilibrium coordinates the desires of firms and workers, determining the wage and employment observed in the labor market.

15. Wage rates are determined by the market and announced to individual firm. Wages Wages Supply SA W* W* Demand DA # of workers # of workers Market A Typical Firm

16. 重要人力指標

17. 重要人力指標(續)

20. 歷年五月台灣地區有偶婦女勞動參與率

21. 歷年五月台灣地區有偶婦女勞動參與率(續)