Chapter 6

1. Discourse and register analysis approach Chapter 6

2. The Hallidayan model of language and discourse Relation of genre and register to language Sociocultrual environment Genre Register (field, tenor, mode) Discourse semantics (ideational, interpersonal, textual) Lexicogrammar (transitivity, modality, theme-rheme/cohesion)

3. Register comprises three variable elements: • Field: what is being written about, e.g. a delivery of goods; • Tenor: who is communicating and to whom, e.g. a sales representative to a customer; • Mode: the form of communication, e.g. written.

4. House’s model of translation quality assessment • A comparative model Individual textual function Register Genre ( generic purpose) • Mode • Medium • (simple/complex) • Participation • (simple/complex) Field Subject matter and social action • Tenor • Participant relationship • author’s provenance and stance • Social role relationship • Social attitude Language/text

5. Overt translation: a TT that does not purport to be an original. • Covert translation: a translation which enjoys the status of the original source text in the target culture.

6. Baker’s text and pragmatic level analysis: a coursebook for translators • Application of systemic approach to: - • Thematic and information structures: Translators should be aware of their relative markedness • Cohesion. • Pragmatics and translation: Pragmatics is the study of language in use. It is the study of meaning, not as generated by the linguistics system but as conveyed and manipulated by participants in a communicative situation.

7. Three major pragmatic concepts: • Coherence: related to cohesion, ‘depends on the hearer’s or receiver’s expectations and experience of the world’ • Presupposition: related to coherence, ‘ pragmatic inference’. • Implicature: what the speaker means or implies rather than what s/he says’ * Grice Maxims Quantity Quality Relevance Manner

8. Hatim and Mason: The semiotic level of context and discourse • They pay attention to the realization in translation of ideational and interpersonal functions (rather than just the textual function) and incorporate into their model semiotic level of discourse. • They consider shifts in modality (interpersonal function) • They define discourse as: • Modes of speaking and writing which involve social groups in adopting a particular attitude towards areas of sociocultural activity (e.g. racist discourse, bureaucratese, etc.)

9. Criticism of discourse and register analysis approaches to translation