10/7

1. 10/7 BA4 Intro to integrating sources Examples Group work with your own quotations BA5 For next class *Reminder! The 1.1 draft is due in 3 Fridays.

2. Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize? • Quote: • With wording that is so memorable or powerful, or expresses a point so perfectly, that you cannot change it without weakening the meaning • Author’s opinions you wish to emphasize • Author’s words that show varying perspectives • Paraphrase: • Passages in which detail, but not exact words, are important to your point • Summarize: • Long passages in which the main point is important, but details are not

3. Quotations • Short quotations (the kind you will be using for your rhetorical analysis) • MUST be a part of your sentence (and make sense), they do NOT stand alone • Use square brackets and ellipses to make changes that will allow the quote to fit into your sentence, but will not change its meaning • Defend – Defend[ed] – Defend[s] • The park in the city, with its swings and red slide, was the children’s favorite place to play. • The park in the city…was the children’s favorite place to play.

4. Quotations • In order to better integrate your quotes, use signal words or phrases. Here’s a few words, the complete list can be found in the handbook, section 13b • Acknowledges • Asserts • Believes • Claims • Criticizes • Describes • Observes • Reveals • States • Suggests

5. Formatting the Paragraph • Biggest mistake with quotes: too much quoted material, not enough explanation • Common practice is to tell the reader what you’re going to tell them about, tell them about it, then tell them what you just told them.

6. SEXY • S: Statement of topic. For this paper, each paragraph’s topic will be a rhetorical choice. Which rhetorical choice does this paragraph cover, and what is your argument about it? (One sentence) • E: Explain or Elaborate on the topic, meaning, how does this choice function in the narrative, what does it do? Where can it be found in the text? (One sentence per example of the choice, usually a part of the sentence including the quote itself.)

7. SEXY • In addition to establishing his credibility, Orwell makes several appeals to his audience’s fears in order to scare them into purging bad English from their own writing. Early in his essay, Orwell appeals to the fear of his audience by comparing bad writing to drunken behavior: “A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts” (Orwell 205).

8. SEXY • In addition to establishing his credibility (Transition), Orwell makes several appeals to his audience’s fears in order to scare them into purging bad English from their own writing (Topic sentence that introduces the rhetorical choice that I plan to discuss in the paragraph, S). Early in his essay, Orwell appeals to the fear of his audience by comparing bad writing to drunken behavior (In this sentence, I identify where in the essay one can find the rhetorical choice. I even set up the next quote by explaining what Orwell is doing in the quote that the reader is about to encounter.): “A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts” (Orwell 205) (The quote in which the rhetorical choice appears).

9. SEXY • X: eXample. Provide an example of the rhetorical choice. Remember that this quote should be within a sentence of your own words, either following, preceding, or sandwiched between your words (NEVER EVER by itself). (Your quote shouldn’t be more than a phrase or a couple sentences long, depending on the quote.)

10. SEXY • Y: Your connection to the thesis statement. How does this rhetorical choice connect to the audience and purpose presented in the thesis? Why is it important? (The majority of your paragraph, this should be at least ¾ of your paragraph as a whole.)

11. Examples of BA5 (page 571) • Diamond uses metaphors, professional and personable tones, and multiple anecdotes to urge the reader to research a subject before approaching an expert for knowledge about that subject.

12. Examples • The first example I will be using is Diamond’s extended metaphor. The metaphor is the majority of the article. • I am going to summarize the extended metaphor that Diamond uses to show how important it is to know almost as much as an expert when talking to the expert on a subject. I am summarizing this metaphor because the passage is too long to quote, but I still want to retain the original meaning. Diamond uses the metaphor of not getting help from a mechanic when he doesn’t understand why his car breaks down. He compares this to Bulmer not receiving information from tribesmen when he doesn’t know anything about rocks. This goes back to my point of needing to know almost as much as an expert does on a subject before the expert will give out his information. This summary will be the starting paragraph of my essay after my introduction. This will be my strongest point showing Diamond’s purpose, so I chose to put it first.

13. Examples • “When you began asking us about rocks, it was obvious you didn’t know anything about them. Why should we waste our time telling you something you couldn’t possibly understand” (Diamond 201). • This quote will be in the first body paragraph but it will follow the extended metaphor. This quote further proves the extended metaphor as well as Diamond’s purpose, so putting this quote second will add more support to my essay. The quote is from a New Guinea tribes men, when he tells Ralph Bulmer why they gave him no information about rocks. Bulmer didn’t have any knowledge on rocks so he received no new knowledge from the tribe’s people. I’m going to use this as a quote because Diamond flat out states his purpose.

14. Examples • “It’s humiliating to feel like an ignoramus, as I do about cars” (Diamond 196). • This quote will go be the first piece of supporting evidence for second body paragraph. The second paragraph will talk about personable and professional tones, and this quote shows something that most people can relate to. The personable tone that Diamond takes on at the beginning of the article helps laymen in the audience identify with his purpose. I will quote this sentence because the tone that Diamond uses is the rhetorical choice that I will be discussing. If I were to use a summary or a paraphrase the tone that Diamond uses would be lost.

15. Examples • “I eventually realized that the ethnobiologist’s dilemma illustrates the frustrations that all of us face in everyday life…” (Diamond 196). • This last quote will go in the last body paragraph of my analysis. I chose to use this as the last choice because I believe it is the weakest of three choices. Diamond uses this line and other instances of first person point of view to help the readers relate to his purpose. The first person point of view is more intended for the laymen in the audience, because they are used to reading novels in this point of view, while the scientists are more used to reading academic essays which are typically not in first person. I am going to quote this line because the specific diction, such as “I” and “us” dictates the point of view.

16. Group Work • Consider the examples we just went over. Why did you pick the quotes you did? What rhetorical choices do they depict? How do they relate to audience/purpose? How are they in/effective in persuading the audience of the author’s purpose?

17. BA5 • 1) Begin by writing your thesis at the top. • 2) Select a minimum of five quotations that you plan to incorporate into your draft as examples of particular rhetorical choices. For each quotation, write a brief assessment that includes: • Why this quote is important. What rhetorical choice is it an example of? How does it connect to audience/purpose? • Where this quote will fit in the organization of your rhetorical analysis. • The analysis, not including quotes, should be 500 to 650 words, so 100 to 130 words per quote.

18. What We’ll be Looking For • The choice of quotations and analysis should demonstrate understand of rhetorical analysis. • The balance of quotes to choices (for example using four quotes for one choice, then the other for a second choice would be wrong). • How well you explain where the quote will fall in the overall structure of your 1.1. • Grammar, tone, style, overall communication.

19. For Next Class • St. Martin’s: • Chapter 13 a, b, c, d, and f (for integrating sources) • Chapter 2 “Rhetorical Situations” • Audio Lesson • “Rhetorical Analysis from a Reader’s Perspective” • Write one paragraph of your rhetorical analysis (one that explains a rhetorical choice, not the introduction or conclusion) and label it with with SEXY. Bring this to class.