http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

1. These slides were created by Dr. Gordon Vessels, but some draw from those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson in 1998. http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

2. Sleep and Dreams “Sometimes, a cigar is just a cigar.” Freud, on the meaning of dreams These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

3. Circadian Rhythm (the biological clock) Rhythm of Sleep These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

4. Circadian Rhythm All are linked to a ±25 hour day (the biological clock) Rhythm of Sleep Body Temp Sleep/Wakefulness Mood These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

5. Five Stages of Sleep (~ 90 min) 2 min - hallucinations 20 min - sleeptalking may begin at Stage 2 { 30 min - sleepwalking 10+ min - Dreams!

6. Everyone Dreams! 5 Stages of Sleep Sleep CyclesCharacteristics Awake & Relaxed . . . . . Alpha waves Stage 1 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Dream-like (~ 2 min) Stage 2 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Sleep Spindles (~ 20 min) (sleep talking) Stages 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . Delta waves (~ 30 min) (sleep walking, hard to awaken) REM Sleep . . . . . . . . . . .Like Stage 1(~ 10-45min) (paradoxical sleep) (deep muscle paralysis) These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

7. Effects of Sleep Deprivation Why Do We Sleep? Impaired Creativity Impaired Concentration Irritability Slowed Performance MAYBE: Keep Us From Harm Consolidate Memories Conserve Energy Aid Growth Process So WHY? These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

8. The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made Most dreams are of ordinary things. BUT Lucid Dreams are so vivid they SEEMREAL. These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

9. The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made Does Dreaming Remove Us From Reality? Not Entirely. We retain some awareness of our external world. BUT... we don’t remember info 5 minutes prior to sleep. These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

10. But WHY Do We Dream? • Latent Content may actually be • Unconscious Drives & Wishes • Dreams may help sort & fix our • days’ experiencesin memory • Dreams result from random • neural activity originating in • brainstem What if we couldn’t dream? These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

11. Why Do We Daydream? Temporary escape from reality; Help prepare us for future events; Substitute for impulsive behavior. These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

12. You are getting sleepy… Post-Hypnotic Amnesia Temporary memory loss (Maybe) What is it? A state of apparently heightened suggestibility

13. Can Hypnosis Help You Recall? These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

14. Hypnosis As Therapy Post-Hypnotic Suggestions - Useful? Suggestions to be carried out after hypnosis Stop Smoking & Nail Biting? NO more successful than positive thinking. Stop or Alleviate Pain? YES Just ask your Dentist! Dissociation or Selective Attention These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

15. Drugs and Consciousness What types of drugs influence consciousness? and How do they work? Affect Brain Chemistry & User Expectations Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that change perceptions & moods These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

16. Dependence and Addiction Tolerance Continued use of a drug requires larger doses to equal the same effect Withdrawal In the absence of the drug, user may feel physical pain & cravings Physical Dependence Psychological These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

17. Psychoactive Drugs Excite neural activity Arouse body functions Stimulants Calm neural activity Slow body functions Depressants Distort exisiting perceptions Evoke perception w/o sensation Hallucinogens These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

18. Increase heart rate and breathing rate Pupils Dilate Appetite Diminshes Stimulants Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines Cocaine Tiredness Headaches Irritability Depression These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

19. Depressants Alcohol - Barbituates - Opiates Decreases Sympathetic Nervous System Activity Impairs Judgment and Inhibitions Disrupts Processing of Info into Memory (not short-term recall or existing LTM) Focuses Attention on Immediate Situation These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

20. Hallucinogens Psychadelics LSD PCP Marijuana Simple Geometric Forms Meaningful Images / Tunnel Feeling of Separation from Body Common Perceptual Distortions & Hallucinations Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory Deprivation These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/