Evolution of Control and Resistance in Governments

1. Writing into the day • Why do governments institute control? • Why do people often resist control? • Is there an instance where a people might embrace a strong controlling central government for what they think is their own good? Why? • Why do you think certain cultures evolved strong senses of duty and responsibility to the state while others do not?

2. Reading Quiz 1. Who was Kung Fuzi? 2. What river valley did the Chinese civilization first evolve around? 3. What basic things did Confucius teach? 4. The Han and the Zhou are examples of______________? 5. The “way” or ______________, emphasizes harmony, balance, and the yin and yang. 6. The two major religions, or schools of thought during the classical period of China were __________________ and___________________. 7. China referred to itself as the ____________ Kingdom. 8. The emperor was seen as having the mandate of __________________. 9. Shi Huanghi build the ______ ______ to protect from outside invasions and his own dreams of empire and expansion. 10. Much of china’s economy, particularly in the southern region, is based on this crop.

3. Classical China: War, Rice, Reconstruction, and restraint I. Patterns in Classical ChinaII. Political InstitutionsIII. Religion and cultureIV. Economy and SocietyV. How Chinese Civilization Fits Together

4. Kung Fuzi (Confucius) (551–478 B.C.E.) wandering scholar Analects • Zhou Dynasty (1029–258 B.C.E.) 8th century B.C.E. disruptions nomadic invasions rival kingdoms • Shi Huangdi • Qin Dynasty (221–207 B.C.E.) • death leads to revolt • Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) • Dao China in the Shang and Zhou Eras

5. I. Patterns in Classical China Zhou Dynasty (1029–258 B.C.E.) height c. 700 B.C.E. Yangzi River valley settled "Middle Kingdom" Mandate of Heaven Confucius

6. China from the Later Zhou to the Han Era • I. Patterns in Classical China • Shi Huangdi • Qin Dynasty (221–207 B.C.E.) • Great Wall • 3000 miles • Innovations • census • standardized coinage, weights, measures • common writing system • Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) • into Korea, Indochina, central Asia • contact with India, Parthian Empire • Wu Ti (140–87 B.C.E.) • support of Confucianism

7. II. Political Institutions Political traditions patriarchal family ancestor worship semi-autonomous villages nobles local authority justice local armies regional governors bureaucracies examinations schools Scholars waiting for the results of the civil service exam to be posted. Handscroll attributed to Qiu Ling (active 1530–1552) (National Palace Museum, Taiwan).

8. III. Religion and Culture Balance unifying traditions Kung Fuzi (ca. 551–478 B.C.E.) respect for superiors leaders must show moderation rank based on intelligence, merit Legalism alternative to Confucianism support authoritarian state belief in evil nature of humankind Sun Tzu and The Art of War Daoism more religious Laozi (5th century B.C.E.) force of nature ethical code Five Classics Art calligraphy Science 365.5 day year

9. IV. Economy and Society Trade wheat for rice Agriculture ox-drawn plow collar Water-powered mills Philosophical and political connections to agriculture

10. V. How Chinese Civilization Fits Together Isolation Confucianism & bureaucracy Political stability & economic growth Divisions Confucianism v. Daoism

11. Seminar Activity Primary Sources From Classical China