Notes on Economy and Government Systems

1. Notes on Economy and Government Systems Write the title at the top of your paper. This will be A14 in your notebook.

2. Economies of Southwest Asia(the Middle East) SS7E5: The student will analyze different economic systems

3. Draw the Chart.

4. Traditional Economy • What to produce? • Basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, and clothing • How to produce? • Farming, building, and sewing for self and others within the tribe • Use natural resources • For whom to produce? • Self, family, and others within the tribe

5. Command Economy 1. What to produce? • Needs of the country according to the government 2. How to produce? • Through government plans for production 3. For whom to produce? • The government • Used for the country and trade

6. Market Economy • What to produce? • What the consumer wants • How to produce? • Through industry, farming, mining, etc. • For whom to produce? • The people of the country and to trade with other countries • Supply and demand drives the country’s economy

7. Types of Trade Barriers

8. Governments SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.

9. Fold your paper “hot dog” style to create two columns.

11. a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal • Unitary: all the power is in one central government • Examples: Saudi Arabia’s monarchy, France, Italy, Japan

12. a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal • Confederation: a loose alliance of countries or political units; local governments hold all the power and the central government depends on the local governments • Examples: League of Arab States, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), British Commonwealth of Nations

13. a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, federal • Federal: power is shared among different levels of government; power is shared between the central government and local governments • Examples: Israel, United States, Canada, Mexico

14. b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic • Autocratic: the ruler has absolute power; one leader holds complete power; citizens have no participation in the government • Examples: Hitler (Germany), Saudi Arabia’s monarchy, Cuba

15. b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic • Oligarchy: means “government of the few;” control rests with a small group of people with wealth or power; citizen participation is restricted to the ruling group • Examples: Syria’s ruling political party (Ba’ath Party) controls much of the government • Iran- ruled by a small group of religious and political leaders

16. b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic • Democratic: the people hold supreme power, citizens choose the leader and/or representatives; all citizens can participate • Examples: United States, Israel

17. c. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential • There are two main forms of democracy. The main difference between the two is the relationship between the legislative and executive branches

18. c. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential • Parliamentary: the legislature controls the power. The legislature makes and carries out laws • The citizens elect representatives to the legislature. The majority party in the legislature then chooses the leader who is usually known as the Prime Minister • Examples: Israel, Great Britain

19. c. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential • Presidential: the executive branch and legislative branches are separate and elected separately by the citizens • The legislature passes the laws and the president sees that the laws are enforced

20. c. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential • One main difference between presidential and parliamentary is that the prime minister is a member of the legislature (parliament) while the president is a separate branch of the government

21. 1. In this type of government the central government has all the authority and decision-making power. What type of government is this? 2. This is a type of government in which the local governments has all the power and the central government has limited power. What type of government is this?

22. 3. I live in a country where the government’s power is divided between the central government and smaller political units like states. What type of government does my country have? 4. I am the leader of a country and I have total control. My citizens do not have any rights and I make all the decisions. What type of government is this?

23. 5. In this type of government citizens have the most power. Citizens elect their leaders and can vote on certain government decisions. Decisions are often made by majority votes. What type of government is being described? 6. The leader has total control. The ruler has absolute power to do whatever he wishes to do and make and enforce whatever laws he chooses. What type of government is being described?

24.  8. This type of government literally means “government by the few.” The powerful and wealthy rule and make all the major decisions. Citizen participation in this type of government is very limited. What type of government is being described? 11. This is one of the main forms of democracy. In this type of democracy the legislative branch and executive branch are separate. The leader is elected directly by the citizens. What type of government is being described?

25. 13. This is another form of democracy. In this type of democracy the legislative branch is not separate from the executive branch. The leader is not directly elected. What type of government is being described? 15. This type of government is very uncommon and is mostly seen as loose alliances between countries for some common purposes. Examples of this type of government include the United Nations and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). What type of government is being described?

26. 18. In this type of economy, the economic decisions are made by the government. What type of economy is this? 19. In this type of economy, what is produced is based on what the consumer wants. This economy is based on supply and demand. What type of economy is this?  20. The basic necessities of life are produced for the people within the tribe or community in this type of economy.

27. 21. The U.S. has major issues with Cuba’s government. Because of these issues, the U.S. refuses to trade with Cuba. What type of trade barrier is this? 22. The U.S. restricts the amount of foreign cars that can be imported. This is done to protect domestic car makers like Ford and Chevrolet. What type of economic trade barrier is this? 23. This is a tax placed on an imported good. The purpose of this tax is to encourage consumers to buy domestic made goods. What type of economic trade barrier is this?