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By: Pamela Estrada

By: Pamela Estrada. THE COLOMBIAN CONFLICT. Programme. Brief description of the country Historical review The actors Drug trafficking and political situation Peace talks Plan Colombia Conclusion. Mape. Brief description of the country. Government type: Republic

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By: Pamela Estrada

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  1. By: Pamela Estrada THE COLOMBIAN CONFLICT

  2. Programme • Brief description of the country • Historical review • The actors • Drug trafficking and political situation • Peace talks • Plan Colombia • Conclusion

  3. Mape

  4. Brief description of the country • Government type: Republic • Administrative divisions:32 departments and 1 capital district • Population: 41.539.011 inhabitants • Language: Spanish • Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

  5. Historical review • The Violence period (1948-1958) • The National Front (1958-1978) • The formation of the guerrilla groups (60’s) • The “Cartels War” (80’s) • The formation of paramilitary groups • The current situation

  6. The actors Guerrilla groups: (left wing) • The FARC-EP (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–People's Army • The ELN (National Liberation Army). • Others like M-19, EPL Paramilitary groups (right wing): • AUC (The United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia ). The AUC likes to portray itself as a group of people who were forced to take up arms to defend themselves against guerrilla kidnapping and extortion in the place of a powerless state. Others, including the US, see it as little more than a drugs cartel moving some 40% of the 800 tons of cocaine that leave Colombia every year. The Colombian Army (with the U.S aid)

  7. Drug trafficking and the confict • First apparition of drugs in Colombia: at the end of the 1970s, focused on the growth and distribution of marijuana. • At the end of the 1970s: the first cocaine exports and the most important distribution networks were created as a consequence of reduction in neighbours countries. • Creation of the cartels: • Medellin’s Cartel: Pablo Escobar and Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha knew as “The Mexican”. - Creation of the first paramilitary groups as a means of defence from the guerrillas. 2. Cali’s Cartel: Rodriguez Orejuela brothers • Drug production and distribution by guerrillas groups = ‘Narcoguerrillas’. • The resources of drug dealing are fuelling the current conflict in Colombia.

  8. Plan Colombia • Initiative of the former Colombian President, Andrés Pastrana (1994-1998) • Total budget of US$7.5 billion: 65% from Colombian resources and 35% from international community financiation. • EU didn’t support the plan, but the Americans immediately support it (US$ 3 billion since 2000,U$600m per year). Colombia is top recipient of US foreign assistance outside Middle East • The Americans support the “drug war”, because up to 90% of all cocaine on American streets comes from Colombia. The US want to tackle the supply at source. • Aerial fumigation to eradicate coca: The most controversial element of the anti-narcotic strategy is aerial fumigation to eradicate coca.

  9. Peace talks • With the ELN: in process, and in a good way. • With de AUC (paramilitaries): process that began in December 2002 when the AUC called a unilateral ceasefire • With the FARC: Difficult due to the differences between both parts. The present government of the president Uribe looks for approaches to facilitate a humanitarian interchange (kidnapped by prisoners).

  10. Conclusion The current conflict which strikes Colombian population since more than 40 years is a manifestation of the disproportionate distribution of land and economic resources in the country. The gap between riche and poor people grow every day, feeding this way the social displeasure.

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