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Viruses and Bacteria

Viruses and Bacteria. Chapter 18. Viruses – Alive?. What makes something ALIVE? Organization based on Cells and DNA Reproduction Growth and Development Adjust to environment Are viruses ALIVE? Viruses do reproduce and contain genetic information.

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Viruses and Bacteria

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  1. Viruses and Bacteria Chapter 18

  2. Viruses – Alive? • What makes something ALIVE? • Organization based on Cells and DNA • Reproduction • Growth and Development • Adjust to environment • Are viruses ALIVE? • Viruses do reproduce and contain genetic information. • Viruses do not break down food, grow or move. • Viruses are helpless without living cells! Viruses need to live in other cells called “host cells” so that they can reproduce! • VIRUSES ARE NOT ALIVE!!! • Viruses are made up of nucleic acid surrounded by one or two protein coats.

  3. Viral Structure -Viruses are non-living particles. -They have a nucleic acid core and a protein containing capsid.

  4. Viral Reproduction -Viruses need a host cell in order to make more viruses.

  5. Diseases caused by viruses -Many diseases are caused by viruses including: Common cold, flu, small pox, warts and HIV.

  6. How can you get a virus? Airborne Contaminated blood products Contaminated food or water Infected Animals or Vectors such as Mosquitoes Sexual contact

  7. Bacteria – Two Kingdoms There are two kinds of bacteria: 1. Archaebacteria – live in extreme environments (ex: hot springs, cold mountains). 2. Eubacteria – live everywhere else (ex: our bodies, food).

  8. What are Bacteria? • Bacteria are small, one-celled prokaryotes. • Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission.

  9. Bacterial Structure • All bacteria have a cell wall. • Some bacteria are surrounded by a capsule, which keeps them from being eaten by white blood cells. • Only bacteria that have capsules are infectious (can cause disease).

  10. Bacterial Structure

  11. Classification / Naming of Bacteria 1. Bacteria come in 3 shapes a. cocci-spheres b. bacilli-rods c. spirilli-spirals 2. Bacteria can be arranged in 3 ways a. Diplo-paired b. Staphylo-grapelike clusters c. Strepto-long chain 3. Bacteria can live with or without oxygen a. Aerobes-need oxygen (O2) b. Anerobes-don’t need oxygen (O2)

  12. Bacteria shapes Streptococci Diplobacillis Streptospirilli

  13. Bacteria – Good or Bad? • Bacteria are all around us. Not all bacteria cause disease – we have bacteria that live in our stomachs that actually keep us healthy! • Some bacteria do cause diseases such as Strep Throat, pneumonia, diphtheria.

  14. Anti-biotics – Bacteria Killers Penicillin kills bacteria by making holes in the cell wall. Water then enters the cell by osmosis, and the cells explode and die.

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