Applications of CFD 2008

1. N. W. Bressloff Applications of CFD 2008 Neil W. Bressloff COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING AND DESIGN GROUP

2. N. W. Bressloff Introduction (fundamental CFD)

3. N. W. Bressloff Introduction (aerospace design CFD) Nacelle intake Winglets Flap track fairings Wing fuselage fairing

4. N. W. Bressloff Introduction (haemodynamics)

5. N. W. Bressloff Introduction (CAD – mesh – analysis)

6. Initial Geometry DoE CFD RSM Construct RSM Evaluate CFD RSM Tuning CFD CFD Best Design CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD … Search Using RSM … … … Cluster Parallel Analysis Adequate ? Build Data-Base N. W. Bressloff Introduction (CFD DSO strategy)

7. N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD (flap track fairing design)

8. DoE Part converged CFD … … Geometry parameterization UPDATE STRATEGY (skip if no updates) Build data-base Search RSM Construct EI surface Construct RSM Reduce domain Search for optima Update at optima Update at optimum NO YES NO Construct & search RSM NO Optimum design CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD CFD RSM Adequate? r2 converged? Objective function converged? N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD (response surface evolution) Forrester, A. I. J., Bressloff, N. W. and Keane, A. J., 2006, Computational Design Methods, United States Patent 7092845.

9. N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD (wing design) Forrester, A. I. J., Bressloff, N. W. and Keane, A. J., 2006, Optimisation using Surrogate Models and Partially Converged Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations, R. Soc. Proc. A. 462 pp. 2177-2204

10. N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD

11. N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD (validation) • Potential flow solver VGK • Uses empirical data + calculation • No turbulence modelling • Easily able to compute airfoil pressure profiles • 1 analysis ~ 2 seconds • RANS analysis using Fluent • Structured BL mesh • Unstructured external mesh • Total ~ 18000 mesh elements • Spalart Allmaras turbulence model • 1 analysis ~ 5 minutes

12. Design variables Iteration (geometry parameters) Design variables Iteration (Cp parameters) GEOMETRY Parameterized model Cp PROFILE Parameterized model GEOMETRY To give required Cp profile Initial design variables Initial design variables Optimum design Optimum design Inverse Design CFD Analysis + Optimization method CFD Analysis + Optimization method N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD (advanced search strategy) Barrett, T. R., Bressloff, N. W. and Keane, A. J., 2006, Airfoil Shape Design and Optimization Using Multi-Fidelity Analysis and Embedded Inverse Design, AIAA J., 44, 9, 2051-2060.

13. N. W. Bressloff Aerospace design CFD (lean burn injector)

14. N. W. Bressloff Haemodynamics (background)

15. N. W. Bressloff Haemodynamics (anatomy/geometry)

16. Haemodynamics N. W. Bressloff How can this work be adapted for a four hour case study? Bressloff, N. W., 2007, Parametric shape exploration in the carotid artery bifurcation, to appear, J. Biomech., 40, 2483-2491.

17. N. W. Bressloff Bhaskar, K. V., Bressloff, N. W., Nair, P. B. and Shearman, C. P., 2007, Predictive haemodynamics in a one-dimensional human carotid artery bifurcation. Part I: Application to stent design, IEEE Trans. Biom. Eng., 54, 5, 802-812.

18. N. W. Bressloff Haemodynamics (parametric geometry definition) • Automated design • Parametric geometry • Design table • Parameter selection • Surrogate models • DoEs • Regression vs interpolation • Exploration vs exploitation

19. N. W. Bressloff Haemodynamics (shape variation)

20. N. W. Bressloff Haemodynamics (analysis)

21. N. W. Bressloff Haemodynamics (From the heart to the brain)

22. N. W. Bressloff From the heart to the brain: carotid inlet profile