CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

1. CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT BY: MUHD EIZAN SHAFIQ BIN ABD AZIZ FACULTY COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

2. Outline Introduction to the Internet • What is the Internet? • History of Internet • Uses of the Internet • How does the Internet works? • Intranet Application • How does data travel on the Internet? • The World Wide Web • Markup Language & Scripting • Client/Server Communication • HTTP Communication for Web • Other Internet Applications • E-Commerce • Online Banking FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 2

3. Computer network The system in which a large number of separate but interconnected computers serve all of the needs A.K.A a collection of interconnected networks Introduction to the Internet What is the Internet? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 3

4. Introduction to the Internet FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 4

5. Grand parent of Internet: ARPANET (was funded by DARPA) in 1969 Objective of ARPANET: to allow multiple users to send & receive information simultaneously over the same communication path Theory of Packet Switching was introduced TCP/IP protocol was introduced Coordinate the addresses of all computers on the Internet and the way resources/data are pass around TCP: provides reliable data services IP: provides information about how and where data should be delivered Introduction to the Internet History of Internet DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 5

6. What is the number of Internet users worldwide and in Malaysia? Worldwide incl. Malaysia: http://www.internetworldstats.com/ Visit: MCMC Website => http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp Who owns the Internet? Answer = Nobody! :-o Who controls the Internet? Corporations, governments & everybody else Introduction to the Internet Additional Info FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 6

7. Who governs the Internet? We have professional society responsible in managing the standards. To name a few: Internet Architecture Board (IAB): http://www.iab.org/ Internet Research Task Force (IRTF): http://www.irtf.org/ Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): http://www.ietf.org/ Internet Society (ISOC): http://www.isoc.org/ W3C: http://www.w3.org/ etc: (make Mr. Google as your best friend :-p) Introduction to the Internet Additional Info FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 7

8. What do you do on the Internet? To find information To meet and communicate with people virtually To have fun To learn & study To do internet business etc. Introduction to the Internet Uses of the Internet FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 8

9. Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? • Internet Service Provider = ISP • Provide the Internet connection • How many ISPs in Malaysia? • Answer: Quite a few • Wired: TM, Jaring, Maxis • Wireless: Jaring, Maxis, Celcom, iZZi, P1 FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 9

10. Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? Connection Wired Wireless FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 10

11. Wired Fixed line Cable modem (dial-up|xDSL) LAN Cable Network Interface Card (NIC) Fiber optic backbone from Server Exchange to CPE. Provided by ISP. In this case provided by TM because TM own all underground cabling in Malaysia. Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 11

12. Wireless IEEE 802.11 Types: (A|B|G|N) or so called “Wi-Fi” Access Point (AP) connected to wired LAN Clients (notebook|desktop) connected via wireless device Embedded in the notebook: Intel, Atheros External device such as USB wireless Adapter and PCI wireless card: D-Link, Aztech Coverage: (Small|Medium) because usually setup in an office, in a park or public spots Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 12

13. Wireless IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Also known as Wireless MAN Provides wireless internet connection over long distances Which companies won WiMAX license in Malaysia last year? Bizsurf, Packet One Networks, Asiaspace Dotcom, Redtone-CNX Broadband Current service in Malaysia: P1 Wimax Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 13

14. Wireless Satellite Internet Access Use mobile phone coverage: (GPRS|3G|HSDPA) Modem (Supported mobile phone or USB Modem) Quite well-known these days ISPs: Maxis Broadband and Celcom Broadband (Celcom has widest coverage :D) Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 14

15. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An address to the current location of information protocol://host[:server port]/path/ Example: http://www.yahoo.com http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm Web browser uses the URL address to retrieve a document over the network Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 15

16. Domain Name A name that uniquely identifies a website on the Internet As a substitute for IP Address of the website Example: URL: http://www.uitm.edu.my/uitm Domain Name: uitm.edu.my IP Address: 202.58.80.152 Which one is easier to remember? Domain name or IP Address? Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 16

17. Domain Name Top-level domain (TLD) names Infrastructure (iTLD): .root, .arpa. Generic TLD (gTLD): .com, .edu, .net, .gov, etc. Country Code (ccTLD): .my, .uk, .id, .sg, etc. Domain Name Server (DNS) Translates domain name to IP Address Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 17

18. Introduction to the Internet How does the Internet works? • Host Name • A host is a (computer|device) that is connected to a network • Each host has a name, so, we call it host name, sometimes we call it computer name • Host name uniquely identifies a host on a network without using its IP Address • Example: • 1 computer named “uitmpc1” is connected to a UiTM’s network • “uitmpc1” has a unique IP Address which is “10.0.70.55” • You are able to access or find “uitmpc1” using its host name or IP Address FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 18

19. Introduction to the Internet IP Address A unique numeric identifier for a (computer|host|devices) on a network/Internet 2 versions: IPv4 and IPv6 Type 1: Static IP Address assigned to a computer or other devices remains the same every time the device is connected to the network Assign and change manually Type 2: Dynamic A.K.A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) It changes every time a (computer|device) is connected to the network More efficient way to assign IP Address to a computer or other devices DHCP server responsible in assigning IP Address to available hosts in the network How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 19

20. Introduction to the Internet Protocol A set of rules that enables computers to connect and transmit data to one another over the network/Internet Example: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) How does the Internet works? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 20

21. Introduction to the Internet Intranet Application • Intranet • A PRIVATE computer network that belongs to a business, university, government agency or other organization that can be accessed ONLY by authorized persons, typically employees or other members of the organization • Intranet Application • Main purpose: share organizational information and computing resources among employees and others in the organization • Authorized persons able to access the application from virtually anywhere such as from home or while traveling • Example: • Websites (internal application), FTP service, E-mail, etc FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 21

22. Introduction to the Internet Internet? Intranet? Extranet? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 22

23. Introduction to the Internet 4. Web Servers are computers that answer your request for a particular Web page with the information required to build that page on your computer How does data travel on the network/Internet? 1. Your Computer sends page request and then translates the information sent back into the words and images that make up the Web page US MY JP AU UK 3. Routers are computers that receive information and forward it to the correct destination over the most efficient route available at that moment 2. ISPs provide internet connection for home user and business or organization for a fee FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 23

24. Introduction to the Internet How does data travel on the network/Internet? Bear in mind, data travel on the network/Internet in digital form (0|1) FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 24

25. W3 = World Wide Web, allows computer users locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject. Written in HTML Contain text, image, audio, video Distributed Hypermedia System - heterogeneous hypermedia information repositories that are distributed across local- and wide-area networks W3 was developed by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1990. He also developed several communication protocols as a backbone of the web. (October, 1994) – Tim Berners-Lee founded W3C. The goal is to make the Web universally accessible, in terms of ability, language or culture. Introduction to the Internet The World Wide Web FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 25

26. They also formed various standards known as RECOMMENDATIONS. It includes: XHTML CSS HTML XML Introduction to the Internet The World Wide Web FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 26

27. Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): HTML, XML Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): XHTML, CSS Perl PHP Coldfusion ASP, (ASP|VB).NET Java Technology: Applet, Java Servlet, JSP etc (again, ask Mr. Google to help you :-p) Introduction to the Internet Markup Language & Scripting FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 27

28. Introduction to the Internet What is server? A (software program|computer) that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on the same computer or other (clients|computers) on a network Example: Web server, file server, DHCP server What is client? A (computer|program|process) that makes requests for information from another (computer|program|process) in a client-server relationship Client/Server Communication FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 28

29. Introduction to the Internet Client/Server Communication FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 29

30. Some of the protocols involved: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Port 80 Simple protocol for file transfer over the network/Internet File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Port 21 Standard method for (sharing|downloading) files over the Internet for many years Commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to server. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Port 25 * Note: Do you want to know the other port numbers? Visit http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers Introduction to the Internet Client/Server Communication FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 30

31. Common software requirement at the client side: Web browser Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Konqueror Safari Common software requirement at the server side: Web server Microsoft Products: PWS or IIS Open Source Products: Apache, Tomcat, etc. Introduction to the Internet Client/Server Communication FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 31

32. Two types of Web: Static Web The contents of the web are fixed Hard coded in the HTML Dynamic Web Dynamic content The web is connected to the database (e.g. MS Access) Required client and server side scripting Introduction to the Internet HTTP Communication for Web FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 32

33. Introduction to the Internet HTTP Communication for Web FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 33

34. Introduction to the Internet Email The most popular service Take few (seconds|minutes) to be delivered Normally can be enclosed with attachment File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Common application to download file from Internet to user’s computer OR upload files to server Other Internet Applications FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 34

35. Introduction to the Internet Other Internet Applications • Instant Messaging • The most popular Internet application • Real-time conversation • Example: Yahoo! Messenger, GoogleTalk, MSN Messenger, IRC, etc. • Plug-ins • Programs that extend capability of web browser • Example: Apple QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave Player, Windows Media Player, etc. FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 35

36. Introduction to the Internet Other Internet Applications • Discussion Forums • A place where people discuss things or common interest • Example: Anime, Sports, TV Series, etc • Type 1: Newsgroups A.K.A Usenet • Wide range of subjects • Disseminate to computers around the world that run news server • Available worldwide • Type 2: Mailing List • Based on email subscription • Forum discussions will come straight to your email inbox FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 36

37. Introduction to the Internet Other Internet Applications • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) • A.K.A Internet Telephony • Make phone calls over the Internet • Latest IM applications can be used to initiate VoIP call • Required devices: • (Client|Computer) equipped with microphone and speaker OR • Traditional telephone with special adapter OR • VoIP Phone • Call charges: free OR less than normal phone call charges • Can be used by individuals or business organizations FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 37

38. Introduction to the Internet A.K.A E-Business Buying and selling of (products|services) on the Internet The amount of trade increased dramatically Category 1: Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Direct online sale between supplier and individual customer Example: Dell sells (desktop|notebook) to consumer, Amazon.com Category 2: Business-to-Business (B2B) Online transactions between businesses Example: Advertising companies sell services to business organizations Category 3: Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) A.K.A P2P Exchanges (between|among) consumers Example: eBay.com, mudah.com.my, etc. E-Commerce FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 38

39. Introduction to the Internet A.K.A E-Business Category 4: Consumer-to-Business (C2B) Individuals offer (products|services) to companies and the companies pay them Example: Freelance web designers sell services to companies E-Commerce FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 39

40. Introduction to the Internet A.K.A Internet Banking Part of E-Commerce applications Allow customers to conduct financial transaction on a secure website and connection Advantage: customers do not need to be at the bank physically Disadvantage: vulnerable to risks (fraud, unauthorized access, identity theft, virus attacks) What you can do on Online Banking? Access your bank account Money transfer Bills payment OB in Malaysia maybank2u, CIMB Clicks, Bank Islam Internet Banking Online Banking FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 40

41. Question? FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 41

42. Knuckles (2001). Introduction to Interactive Programming on the Internet using HTML & Javascript. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dean, T (2006). Network+ Guide to Networks. Thomson Course Technology. Azlan Ismail (2005). Introduction to Web Programming. FTMSK, UiTM. Bibliography (Books & PPT Slide) FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 42

43. http://www.w3concepts.com/w3Main/GoverningTheNet.htm http://www.icann.org/tlds/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain http://www.webdevelopersjournal.com/columns/ajs_who_controls_internet.html http://www.bellevuelinux.org/ Bibliography (Websites) FSKM UiTM Pahang  Page 43