November 4, 2010

1. Environmental Effects of Tidal Energy Outcomes of a Scientific Workshop • Brian Polagye • University of Washington • Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center • Boundaries: Benthic and Coastal Environments • Renewable Ocean Energy and the Marine Environment November 4, 2010

2. Environmental Effects • Workshop Structure • Results • Recommendations

3. “Typical” Sites and Devices Gearbox-Generator Pile Gravity Base Direct Drive Generator 20-60 m Drive Train • Rotor • 5-20 m • 10-30 rpm 2-4 m/s Foundation

4. Environmental Stressors Cumulative Effects Energy removal Device presence: Dynamic effects Acoustic effects Electromagnetic effects Device presence: Static effects Chemical effects

5. Environmental Receptors Ecosystem Interactions Marine mammals Seabirds Far-field environment Pelagic habitat Near-field environment Fish (migratory and resident) Benthic habitat Invertebrates

6. Environmental Effects • Workshop Structure • Results • Recommendations

7. Need for Workshop • Major interest in developing hydrokinetic energy in the U.S. • Environmental compatibility of technology stated without proof. • Environmental uncertainties present a major barrier to projects getting in the water at any scale.

8. Workshop Structure Plenary Sessions 4 hours Stressors 2.5 hours March 23 Receptors 2.5 hours Stressors 1.5 hours Wrap Up 1.5 hours March 24 Session Chairs Discussion 4 hours March 25 Participant Feedback: Another day would have been useful

9. Geographic Scope Cook Inlet Aleutian Islands Puget Sound Coastal Maine Southeast Alaska

10. Workshop Participants Europe Universities Industry Canada US East Coast Research Labs Agencies/NGOs US West Coast (CA, OR, WA, AK) • Specific technical or scientific expertise • Representative distribution of affiliation • Interest greatly exceeded capacity

11. Environmental Effects • Workshop Structure • Results • Recommendations

12. Presence of Devices – Static Effects Symbol denotes uncertainty Low Medium High ? Unknown Color denotes significance Low Unknown Medium Not Applicable High

13. Presence of Devices – Static Effects Pilot Scale

14. Presence of Devices – Static Effects Commercial Scale

15. Identification of Priority Interactions • Selection Criteria • High potential significance • High uncertainty • Summarize Key Information • Description • Gaps in Understanding • Monitoring Approaches • Mitigation Measures (stressor only)

16. Environmental Effects • Workshop Structure • Results • Recommendations

17. Pilot Projects are Required • Recognized need by participants of all affiliation • Must be well-monitored • Prioritize objectives • Use common protocols Courtesy of Marine Current Turbines

18. Pilot Study Prioritization Example

19. Mitigate Impacts when Possible

20. Collaboration is Essential • Information needs to be shared between projects • IEA-OES Annex IV • Significant intellectual property concerns • Hydrokinetic industry needs to engage with the oceanographic community • Leverage active areas of research • Expand opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration

21. Workshop Report • Will be published as NOAA Tech Memo • Draft currently out for review • Details of breakout sections • Challenges indentified • Recommendations http://depts.washington.edu/nnmrec/workshop

22. Acknowledgements • Workshop organizing committee • Andrea Copping, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Keith Kirkendall, NOAA Fisheries • George Boehlert, Oregon State University • Michelle Wainstein, University of Washington • Sue Walker, NOAA Fisheries • Brie Van Cleve, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Workshop sponsors • NOAA Fisheries • US Department of Energy • Workshop participants, particularly session chairs and note takers