Unit 9 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier

1. Unit 9 The Diary of the Unknown Soldier Lesson One

2. Pre-reading questions New words & expressions Background information Overview

3. What is war? Why do people wage war? What have wars brought us? Is there such a thing as “just war”? Have you ever seen any war films or read any war stories? What are they? What is your attitude towards war? Pre-reading Questions

4. The root of the English word 'war', werra, is Frankish-German, meaning confusion, discord, or strife, and the verb werran meaning to confuse or perplex. The Greek root of war is polemos, implying an aggressive controversy. What is war?

5. Wars and revolutions and battles are due simply and solely to the body and its desires. — Plato In every man, of course, a beast lies hidden-the beast of rage, the beast of lustful heat at the screams of the tortured victim, the beast of lawlessness let off the chain, the beast of diseases that follow on vice, gout, kidney disease, and so on. — Dostoyevsky Why War?

6. We make war that we may live in peace. — Aristotle There never was a good war or a bad peace. — Benjamin Franklin They wrote in the old days that it is sweet and fitting to die for one's country. But in modern war, there is nothing sweet nor fitting in your dying. You will die like a dog for no good reason. — Ernest Hemingway Quotations on War

7. A badly wounded soldier & his bride 50th World Press Photo 1st Prize Winner

8. Turn to Page 120 and 121 Getting to know the meaning Derivation Expansion Differentiation Words and Expressions

9. Princess Divine is a book ___________the wonderful soul of Princess Diana. He dedicated his first book tohis mother. (=addressed to) Meaning & Use dedicated to

10. __________ dirt are seen in the field. I’ve got ~s of work to do. (=a lot of) Meaning & Use Piles of

11. A lot of buildings were reduced to ________ by bombing. Cf: Ruins Wreckage Meaning & Use rubble

12. He raked up the fallen leaves into a _______. These ~s of rubble are grim reminders of war. Meaning & Use heap

13. Which word may best describe the background picture? bombard The city was ~ed by federal forces. Reporters ~ed the President with questions about his economic policy.

14. What is an aftermath? Millions died as an ~ of war. Food prices soared in the ~ of the drought. <Syn.> consequences after-effects by-product Meaning & Use

15. Who would suffer the most in wars? Civilians. We demand an end to the killing of innocent ~s. Thousands of ~s are killed during the war. Meaning & Use

16. What is this? How much ~ did they shoot in training. What’s this? A rifle. Meaning & Use Ammunition.

17. There is a _________ basketball ring. I saw them arranging a row of chairs to form a ~ bed for the guest. They gathered branches and grasses for a ~ camp. Meaning & Use makeshift

18. Where are the children having classes? In a make- shift class- room. Meaning & Use

19. What is this? It’s a _________ shovel. Meaning & Use scoop • This is an ice cream ~.

20. The girl is walking under the grape trellis ______ with autumn breezes. The sky was all ~ with the setting sun. Meaning & Use aglow

21. This is a swinging _______ silhouette. The police found his ~ at the bottom of the stairs. The ~ of the committee had a last meeting. 那个寿终正寝的委员会 Meaning & Use corpse

22. Which word may best describe this young man? He is an __________. What is a cavalryman? A soldier who fights on horses or armored vehicles. Meaning & Use infantryman

23. They wanted to bring down the government, but without s_________ ________. The street was s______ with broken glass. The house was e_______ in flames. We saw thed_______aircraft just before it crashed. Meaning & Use shedding blood strewn engulfed doomed

24. Some students waked out of the examination room w____________ confidence and victory. The lizard's tongue shot out and s__________ the fly. Her visit came o_______________. A tiny fishing boat was d______ slowly along. The o___ are five to one on that horse. Meaning & Use with an air of scooped up out of the blue drifting odds

25. The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and a__________. His expression was g_____ when he told them they had lost their job. I'm i_______ of his plan. He was asleep before I t_____ him in. He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the s____. Meaning & Use ammunition grim ignorant tucked spot

26. Word Derivation civilized hate spot spotty spotted hateful civil error dedication initial initial erroneous dedicated

27. Word Derivation ignorance validity doom validate ignore doomed bombardment regiment pile vow drift heap

28. Word Derivation strew tuck assumption grimness adventure tatters precautionary suicidal sensibility

29. Corps 军 Division 师 Brigade 旅 Regiment 团 Battalion 营 Company 连 Platoon 排 Aftermath 后果 Aftereffect 余波 Aftertaste 余味 Afterglow 余辉 Afterthought 事后的想法 Afterlife 余生 Word Expansion

30. Civilian Civil service 公共服务 Civil servant 公务员 Civil law Civil right Civil war Civil engineering 土木工程（学） Ragtag 混杂的 Zigzag 曲折的 Wigwag 摇摆；旗语信号 Titbit/Tidbit 花絮 Word Expansion 平民 民法 公民权利 内战

31. Major Military Ranks

32. We’re leaving the house. Everything has been packed in boxes except a few odds and ends. The closing down of unprofitable railway branches is part and parcel of the government’s plan to save money. Synonymic Pairs

33. Don’t you think you can keep any secrets from us? We have ways and means of getting the information we need. Despite the fact that the ship had passed through a virtual hurricane, all the passengers arrived at the port safe and sound. Synonymic Pairs

34. About the time of twilight Mr. Dombey, grievously afflicted with aches and pains, was helped into his carriage. Apart from fair wear and tear, the bicycle is in excellent condition. Synonymic Pairs

35. Mary became high and mightyafter she won the prize, and Joan would not go around with her any more. He pushed and pulled with all his might and mainbut the door remained firmly closed. Synonymic Pairs

36. The team was determined to win that last game by hook or by crook, and three players were put out of the game for fouling. They arrive at our house bag and baggage at one o’clock in the morning. Synonymic Pairs

37. The book is dedicated to the author’s husband. Kate was still clinging to the wreckage of her failed marriage. A heap of old clothes was lying in the corner. They newspaper devotes two pages to comics. （专门用于） Differentiation

38. Differentiation Debris: the remains of sth, usu. large 碎片；瓦砾 Rubble: broken stones or bricks 碎石；碎砖 Wreckage: the broken part of a destroyed thing 残骸 Ruins: the remains of a building, usu an old one 废墟；遗迹

39. Differentiation Pile: usu. tidy collection; usu. of the same kind Heap: disorderly pile, not necessarily of the same kind Stack: carefully arranged pile of the same size and shape

40. Ignorant vs. Innocent Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics. He was startled by their angry response to his _________ remark. He is _________ of Sir Thomas’s death. He was kept ________ of the facts. Differentiation innocent innocent ignorant

41. Assume vs. Presume The hiker is presumed to be dead after missing for a week in the desert. He ________ full responsibility for all organizational work. Two of the miners went missing and are __________ dead. She ________ an injured air. Differentiation assumed presumed assumed

42. Sensible; sensitive; sentimental; sensational He was very sensitive about his scar and thought that everyone was staring at him. These letter were kept for _________ reasons. What do you think of the __________ headlines of today’s newspaper? Differentiation sentimental sensational

43. What do you know about the first and the second World War? World War I: June 1914, the crown prince of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, which touched off the war. The two belligerent parties were the Central Powers and the Entente. 同盟国 协约国 Lead-In

44. The First World War was in essence an _________ war, which was unjust to both parties involved. The First World War lasted for over __ years, which led to the weakening of the power of the imperialist countries and the success of the Socialist Revolution of October. Background imperialist 4

45. The Second World War was taking place between _____ and ______. It is a war of unprecedented size throughout the whole world between Fascist powers, the Axis countries, and the __________ powers, the Allies. There were as many as ____ countries involved in WWII, with the flames of war burning in Asia, Europe and Africa. Background 1939 1945 anti-Fascist 61

46. There is an angel to stimulate human civilization as well as a devil to destroy it. Thank you!

47. Word review Text analysis Comprehension Language points Sentence highlights Lesson 2: Overview

48. He was d______ Shorty because of his size. The hunter steadied his r___ and fired. Her face was a______ as she met him. The flames quickly spread and e_____ their home. The refugees had been living in m_______ tent for a year. Word Review dubbed rifle aglow engulf makeshift

49. The hen t______ her head under her wing. Shells of all shapes and sizes s_____ the long narrow beach. To e___ is human, to forgive divine. She regarded her critics as i_______ and prejudiced. The horse was running at o____ of ten to one. Word Review tucked strew err ignorant odds

50. All tyranny is _______ (hatred) to us. __________ (ignorant) about AIDS is rampant. The report was based on an ________ (err) _____________ (assume). Fuel was spilling out of the damaged wing and the aircraft was ________ (doom). Word Review hateful Ignorance erroneous assumption doomed