3.Application level

1. 3.Application level • Application refers to the ability to use learned material in new and concrete situations. This may include the application of such things as rules, methods, concepts, principles, laws, and theories. Learning outcomes in this area require a higher level of understanding than those under comprehension. • Requires mastering a concept well enough to recognize when and how to use it correctly. • The effectiveness of a major component of education is dependent on how well the student’s skills can be applied to situations that were directly faced during the learning process. • At this level, teachers ask students to take information they already know and apply it to a new situation. In other words, they must use their knowledge to determine a correct response.

2. Learning objectives at this level: • apply concepts and principles to new situations, apply laws and theories to practical situations, solve mathematical problems, construct graphs and charts, demonstrate the correct usage of a method or procedure.

3. verbs which describe the activity to be trained or measured at this level. Use, discover, manage, execute, solve, produce, implement, construct, change, prepare, conduct, perform, react, respond, role-play, demonstrate, practice, interview, apply, translate, dramatize, operate, schedule, illustrate, interpret, compute, manipulate, modify, show, classify etc.

4. Application Level Questions • An application level question requires the student to demonstrate the correct use of a concept or solution method in a problem situation. • [Charles (precalculus): "How would you do that?"] • [Rachel (algebra): "What other form could you change it to make it easier to solve for x?"] • [Kim (organic chemistry): "What would you think would come into play if we had, say, a tert-butyl group here?"] • [Jessica (organic chemistry): "What would have to happen for those two carbons to form a double bond?"] • [Katie (chemistry): "Say if you wanted to find out how much copper was left. How would you go about doing that?"] • Types of Questions Tapping Bloom's First 3 Levels of Knowledge • Memory Closed-ended questions. Require students to recall details needed to form larger concepts. • Comprehension Open-ended questions. Require students to explain a concept or paraphrase a definition. • Application Open-ended questions. Require students to demonstrate or apply the concept to a real situation.

5. The teacher skills demonstrated: • Shows new concept • facilitates student learning • observes student interaction The student skills demonstrated: • applies understanding • uses knowledge in new situations • constructs own knowledge

6. Application Using new knowledge. Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way Questions like: • Which kinds of apples are best for baking a pie, and why? Question stems for using the Application Level of questioning. • How would you use _____? • How would you solve _______ using what you have learned ________? • How would you organize _______ to show _______? • How would you show your understanding of _______? • What would result if _______? • What elements would you choose to change if _______?

7. Application level classroom activities • make a map • construct a model • draw a diagram • conduct an interview • write a diary • make a timeline • design a mobile • present information in chart • draw an illustration

8. Examples of framing question on application level. 1.Multiple choice question like What is the characteristic symptom of potassium defiency in plants? • Stunted growth, weak stem, decrease in appical dominance. • Delayed flowering, poor development of vascular tissue. • Interveinal chlorosis.

9. Short answer question like; • “apply the knowledge of preparing ORS at home” • “ classify the given organism into their respective kingdom” Essay type question; • “How would you use your knowledge of impacts of substance abuse to make your society free of it” • “what advice would you give to the villagers to prevent themselves from waterborne diseases?” • “Design a poster to create public awareness about the prevention of forest fires”

10. Activity Preparation of manure “Manure is a natural fertilizer made by using the waste products of animals and plants such as cow dung, urine, plant waste, human waste and other organic waste. Manure is therefore rich in orgacnic nutrients. Farmers add manure either directly to the soil or convert it first into compost by burying it in pits. To make a compost, all animals and plant waste are evenly spread in a pit dug into the ground. The pit is then covered mud and leaves to protect it from air and light. Microbes ferment and decompose these waste and convert them into organic materials which are excellent nutrients for plants.”

11. direction: In a group, read the above passage and frame the questions on application level using those verbs stated above.

12. The possible questions could be: • Demonstrate the preparation of manure using organic waste in your locality? • Encourage the villagers to use natural fertilizers than using chemical fertilizers?

13. References • Brookhart,S.M.(2008).Assessment and grading in classrooms, New Jersey. Pearson Education,Inc,Upper saddle River. • Gredler,M.E.(1999).Classroom assessment and learning.United States.Thompson Steele production Services,Inc. • Reynolds,C.R,Livingston,R.B&Willson,V.(2009).Measurement and assessment in education.New Jersey.Pearson Education, Inc, Upper saddle River. • Retrieved on 15th of march,2011 from http://www.teachervision.fen.com/teaching- methods/new-teacher/48445.html#ixzz1GkHHqs5t • Retrieved on 15th of March,2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom's_Taxonomy