Chapter 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

1. Chapter 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901-1912

2. Progressive Roots • What other movements did the progressive movement relate to? • What did progressive theorists insist on? • What did Henry Demarest Lloyd and Thorstein Veblen write about? • Describe the content of How the Other Half Lives. • Who else supported the progressive movement? • Raking Muck with the Muckrakers • What was the purpose of “muckraking” magazines? • How did the public feel about muckraking stories? • What did Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell write about? • What were the targets of muckrakers? • What was “The Treason of the Senate” about and how was the piece received? • What were some of the social evils addressed by muckrakeers? • How did muckrakers feel about capitalism and democracy?

3. Political Progressivism • From what class were progressive reformers? • What were the two goals of the progressives? • What were the four ways progressives tried to get the power back in the hands of the people? • How did progressives attempt to eliminate graft in government? • How did progressives impact the election of US senators? • What gains did suffragists make during this time period? • Progressivism in the Cities and States • Progressives made many gains in cities. How did the gains help demonstrate what some progressives valued? • What other issues did urban reforms attack? • Who was Robert La Follette and what did he do? • What did Hiram W. Johnson and Charles Evans Hughes do for their states?

4. Progressive Women • What was a crucial focus for women progressives? • What was the women’s club movement and why was it significant? • How did women defend their work in the progressive movement? • In what ways did women become involved in federal bureaucracy? • Who was Florence Kelley and what did she fight for? • What was the outcome of the Muller v. Oregon case? • Who did female activism most impact? • What was the outcome of the Lochnerv. New Yorkcase? • What happened at the triangle shirtwaist factory and how did it impact New York law and eventually other states as well? • What was alcohol connected to in the early 1900s? • What was the WCTU and what did they fight for? • Prior to prohibition, what areas were typically “dry” and what areas were “wet”? • What was the 18th amendment?

5. TR’s Square Deal for Labor • What was the purpose of the Square Deal? • What were the three C’s? • What were coal miners fighting for in Pennsylvania in 1902? • How did mine owners respond to the coal miners strike? • What did Roosevelt threaten to do to the mine owners and why was this significant? • What was the outcome of the coal miners strike? • The Department of Commerce and Labor was created in 1903 and an important arm was the Bureau of Corporations. What was the Bureau able to do? • TR Corrals the Corporations • In what ways was the Interstate Commerce Commission inadequate? • What did the Elkins Act of 1903 do? • What did the Hepburn Act of 1906 do? • Roosevelt had a certain belief about trusts. What was this belief? • What was Roosevelt’s first trustbusting target? • What was the outcome of The Northern Securities decision? • What kinds trusts did Roosevelt attempt to bust? • Roosevelt didn’t believe that trustbusting was a sound economic policy, why? • What was Roosevelt’s real purpose in taking on the trusts? • How did Roosevelt prove that he was actually a friend of big business?

6. Caring for the Consumer • What was happening in Europe regarding American meat? • What did Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle discuss? • How did Roosevelt respond to The Jungle? • What did the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 state? • What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906? • Earth Control • Previously, how had Americans, specifically frontier people, treated the land? • What was the purpose of the Desert Act of 1877? • What was the purpose of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891? • What was the purpose of the Carey Act of 1894? • How did conservationism change when Roosevelt came to the presidency? • Who was Gifford Pinchot? • Why did Roosevelt pass the Newlands Act of 1902 and how did it impact the environment? • How much land did Roosevelt set aside for federal reserves? • In what three ways did the public show their interest in conservationism? • What happened in the HetchHetchy Valley? • What is the difference between preservationists and conservationists? • What was Roosevelt’s policy towards conservation? • How did western’s take advantage of the Forest Service and the Bureau of Reclamation?

7. The “Roosevelt Panic” of 1907 • What did Roosevelt call for in his second term and how did conservatives feel about it? • What did Roosevelt announce in 1904 and how did it impact his presidency? • What happened in 1907 in relation to the economy? • What did Roosevelt’s critics say in relation to the financial panic? • What were the effects of the Panic of 1907? • What did the Aldrich-Vreeland Act say? • The Rough Rider Thunders Out • Why didn’t Roosevelt run for a third term? • Why did he choose Taft and what was the platform? • Who was the democratic candidate and what was his platform? • Who won the election and what surprises happened during the election? • How was Roosevelt seen by his adversaries and why was this not necessarily a true? • What were Roosevelt’s major beliefs and what was his most lasting achievement? • What three major lasting impacts did TR have on American government and policy?

8. Taft: A Round Peg in a Square Hole • Why did Taft first inspire confidence? • What were Taft’s political handicaps? • How did Taft feel about progressivism? • The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat • Describe the concept of “dollar diplomacy”. • What was Taft and Knox’s plan for dollar diplomacy in Manchuria? Why wasn’t the plan successful? • What was happening in the Caribbean during this time and how did Taft deal with the issue? • What happened in Central America that called for US intervention?

9. Taft the Trustbuster • How many suits against trusts did Taft bring during his four years as president? • What happened to Standard Oil in 1911? • Describe the “rule of reason.” • Why was Roosevelt infuriated when Taft tried to bust the U.S. Steel Corporation? • Taft Splits the Republican Party • Who wanted to reduce the tariffs and what was Taft’s stance? • Describe the Payne-Aldrich Bill and why did it anger some republicans? • How did Taft feel about the environment? • Why did Taft dismiss Pinchot and how did the public and Roosevelt feel about his decision? • What faction of the Republican party supported Taft? • Describe Roosevelt’s concept of “New Nationalism”. • How did the Republicans fare in the congressional elections of 1910 and why?

10. The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture • Why was the National Progressive Republican League formed in 1911? • Who was the leader of the NPRL? • Why did Roosevelt attempt to run for president again and under what reasoning? • What party did Roosevelt take over? • Why did Taft triumph over Roosevelt and the Republican convention of 1912? • How did Roosevelt respond to this defeat?