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Chapter 6. Distributed systems Building secure distributed systems. Fault Tolerance and Failure recovery. The five 9’s are as much a part of security as other issues MTBF mean-time-between-failure MTTR Mean-time-to-repair Fault tolerance Fail-stop machines Redundancy. Tools.
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Chapter 6 Distributed systems Building secure distributed systems
Fault Tolerance and Failure recovery • The five 9’s are as much a part of security as other issues • MTBF mean-time-between-failure • MTTR Mean-time-to-repair • Fault tolerance • Fail-stop machines • Redundancy
Tools • Hardware redundancy • Group redundancy • Backup • Fallback • These are all different things that do different stuff for you
Concurrency • 2 systems running at same time • Old data • Inconsistent updates • Order of updates • Deadlock • Data never converges to consistent values • Timing issues • Replay attacks
Service Denial Attacks • Very easy to perform • Can be devastating and difficult to stop • We will discuss zombies later and how they are used to mount DOS attacks • Type of network flooding attack
Naming • Facilitate sharing • Naming information is distributed • The name space keeps growing • Global names can still be issues • Keeping naming flexible • Names are used for access also • It is nice when invalid names are easy to distinguish • Consistency is issue • KISS • Bind early or late
Naming and identity • The author brings up many naming issues that can create problems • We must consider international issues also as discussed • We get assigned new “names” all the time and then people try to tie them together • Interesting IPv6 discussion • Names in context
Discussion • NTP, current uses and hacks • Current state of IP addresses and IPv6 • Different perspective of use of IPv6 • Government request for Google search data
List of resources • five 9’s • http://www.businesscertainty.net/2006/04/revisiting_the_nines_1.html • MTBF MTTR • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_time_to_repair
List of resources • Hardware redundancy • http://www.eventhelix.com/RealtimeMantra/HardwareFaultTolerance.htm • http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/exchange/guides/E2k3HighAvGuide/ebda97ad-574a-421d-8d1b-1bb1ab70cf5f.mspx?mfr=true
List of resources • Clusters • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cluster#Clustering_software_.28open_source.29 • Fallback • http://www.teradata.com/t/page/115417/index.html
List of resources • Concurrency • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_programming • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science) • Data • http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v8/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.db2.udb.doc/admin/c0005267.htm • http://www.microsoft.com/technet/itsolutions/cits/iwp/ibf/soldev/moibf1_sdg_apd.mspx
List of Resources • Denial of Service attacks • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial_of_service • Naming • http://www.base.com/gordoni/web/naming.html • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System • http://www.umts-forum.org/servlet/dycon/ztumts/umts/Live/en/umts/Resources_Reports_12_es
List of Resources • IPv6 • http://www.ipv6.org/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6