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Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration

Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration. Chapter 12. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration. Unit 7 Objectives: Identify various nozzles and their functions Understand how to calibrate sprayers Awareness of drift precautions and how to reduce drift risk.

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Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration

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  1. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration Chapter 12

  2. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Unit 7 Objectives: • Identify various nozzles and their functions • Understand how to calibrate sprayers • Awareness of drift precautions and how to reduce drift risk

  3. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Most common applied • Sprays • Granule • Powder • Direct injection • gas

  4. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Equipment and method specialized to specific use • ID target • What is the pest? • How does the pesticide work? • Where it should be applied? (on plant, soil) • Airborne mosquito vs leaf fungus

  5. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Adequate coverage • reach target and stay there • Particle size • Too big: land and run off • Too small: not heavy enough and drift

  6. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • All part will be affected

  7. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Spot • Portion of total area • Dandelions • Band • Narrow strip • Between rows of corn • Uniform within strip

  8. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Broadcast • Entire field • Insect infestation

  9. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration

  10. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Spray pattern that applies over the adjoining area to improve uniformity • Expressed in percentages

  11. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration

  12. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Nozzle Nomenclature • Various types of nozzles • Flow rates • Spray angles • Droplet sizes • Spray patterns • Often coded by the manufacturer to identify spray characteristics

  13. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Tip number • Nozzle type • Flow rate • Spray-fan angle • May also list operating conditions • Sprayer Calibration Guidelines • Three variables affecting application rate: • Nozzle flow rate • Ground speed of the sprayer

  14. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Effective sprayed width/nozzle • Application rate can be determined w/ the following equation • GPA = spray applied g/ac • GPM = output/nozzle, g/m • MPH = ground speed • W = effective spray width/nozzle, inches

  15. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • For broadcast spraying • W = the nozzle spacing • For band spraying • W = the bandwidth • Row crop applications • W = row spacing (bandwidth) divided by # nozzles per row • 5940 = constant that converts all units to gallons/ac

  16. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Selecting the proper nozzle tip • Determine the required flow rate from each nozzle at a selected application rate (GPA), MPH, W • Flow rate/nozzle

  17. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Select a nozzle that produces the required flow rate and droplet size when operated within the recommended pressure range • Range of droplet sizes = droplet spectrum • 6 categories • Very fine (VF, red) • Fine (F, orange) • Medium (M, yellow) • Coarse (C, blue) • Very coarse (VC, green) • Extremely coarse (XC, white)

  18. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Depends on nozzle space and spray height • Higher = increased overlap • Lower = decreased overlap • Nozzle: 20 in apart • Overlap: 50% • 10 in overlap

  19. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Effective swath width: distance each successive swath should offset in order to allow the edges of neighboring swaths to overlap • Swath: path

  20. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Effective swath = total / 1 + overlap • Overlap = 50% (.50) • Total swath = 40 inches (area covered) • ? Need to find effective swath ? • 40 / 1 + .5 = 27 inches effective swath

  21. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Apply the right amount you need to know how much area you have • Application rate: amount of material applied per unit treated • Most areas irregular shaped • Combination of several geometric shapes • Basic dimensions are measured in feet • Area = square feet • Acre = area / 43,560(amt of square feet)

  22. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Rectangle: • Length * width • Square feet • Divide by 43,560 to get acre • 400 ft long • 200 ft wide • Area = 80,000 ft2 (400 * 200) • Acre = 80,000 ft2 / 43,560 ft2 = 1.84 acres

  23. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Triangle • Length of one side (longest side) (base) • Multiplied by the height • Straight from the point • Divide by two • Base = 40 ft • Height = 30 ft • Area = 600 ft2 ( 40 * 30 = 1200 / 2 = 600 ft)

  24. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Circle • pr2 • p = “pi” 3.14 • r = radius • Diameter = divide by 2 to get radius • 40 ft radius • Area = 3.14 * 40 * 40 = 5,024 ft2 diameter radius

  25. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Circle • Diameter = 80 ft • 80 / 2 = 40 • 3.14 * 40 * 40 = 5,024

  26. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Used to treat volumes • Volume of water in a pond, volume of grain (bushels) in a bin • Area * height or depth • Pond = 5 acres • Depth = 3 ft • 5 * 3 = 15 • Grain bin • Floor area = 1,256 ft2 • Height = 40 ft • 1256 * 40 = 50,240 ft3 • 50,240 / 1.25(cubic feet per bushel) = 40,192 bushels

  27. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Liquid = gallons, quarts, pints, fluid ounces • Label tells how much active ingredient in formulation • Dry = pounds, ounces • Label: 25WP • 25% active ingredient by weight

  28. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • “of 100” 20% = 20 of 100 • % = part/whole * 100 • Part = whole * %/100 • 5% of a mixture for application • Total = 64 fluid ounces • How many ounces? • Part ? = 64 * 5/100 • Part = 3.2 ounces

  29. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Whole = part * 100/% • Need 6oz active ingredient of a 20% formulation • Whole ? = 6 oz * 100/20% • Whole = 30 oz

  30. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • To mix the right amount you need to know: • What area treated? • Rate of the formulation? • Total amount needed? • How much pesticide is needed to treat 20 acres with 3 ounces per acre? • What is the area? 20 acres • What is the application rate? 3 oz per acre • How much is needed? 20*3 60 oz

  31. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • How much the area can treat • Tank capacity /application rate = treatable area • 50 lbs of granules, 2 lb per 100 square ft. How much can be treated? • 50/2 = 25lbs granules/hundred square ft • 300 gallons applied at 15 gallons per acre. How much can be treated? • 300/15 = 20 acres

  32. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Labels restrict how much applied in one year • Two applications: same active ingredient • First = 3 oz per 1000 square feet • How much of a 2 liter formulation can be used if limit is 6 oz per thousand square feet? • Second application can not exceed 3 oz

  33. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Spray most common • Most diluted with carrier • Usually water • Can be other agents ( liquid fertilizer)

  34. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Many different kinds of equipment • Basic parts in common • Pump • Peristaltic, centrifugal, turbine, roller, diaphragm, piston • Centrifugal: • Low pressure (140 psi) • High volume

  35. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Roller • Smaller • Low and medium pressure(300psi) • Not as many gallons per minute as centrifugal • Diaphragm: • Medium flow rate • Medium to high pressure(725psi) • Piston: • Low flow rate • High pressure(1000psi)

  36. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Tanks • Safely hold solution • Strong • Chemically resistant • Proper shape for agitation • Easy to clean • Agitation • Hydraulic • Circulates through pump and back into mix • Mechanical • paddles

  37. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Strainers • Filters for foreign objects • Hoses • Proper size, strength, and material • Pressure gauge • Allows applicator • Pump working • Monitor application for problems • Sudden drop or rise • Measure near nozzle • Most force

  38. Pressure and flow control Controlled with valves Spring loaded Adjusted to open at desired pressure Divert excess flow back in to tank Ball valve Restricts flow Nozzles Uniformity Reduce drift Amount sprayed Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration

  39. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Amount of spray • Orifice • The spray opening • Determined by nozzle • Bigger nozzle: bigger orifice: more liquid can pass • Measured • Gallons per minute at different pressures • Don’t increase pressure to get more spray • Increase drift • Get larger nozzle

  40. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Individual requirements • Mounting • Overlap • Misuse = poor results • On boom • Same size and type

  41. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Clean thoroughly after each use • Prevent contamination • Nozzles • Use nozzle brush

  42. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Selecting the right size orifice (nozzle) and operating pressure • Applied properly and make adjustments • Three factors affecting how much is applied • Application per minute • Speed • Spray width

  43. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration

  44. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Calculation • Flow rate of nozzle (GPM) • Relationship between GPM & PSI • See equation pg. 316 • Speed (MPH • Effective spray width (W) • GPA = GPM * 5,940 / MPH * W • Find GPM • Collect clean water from sprayer for 1 minute • Determine fluid ounces divide by 128

  45. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Example: • How many gallons are applied per acre of the nozzle provides 0.3 gpm, are 20 inches apart, and you travel 12 miles per hour? • GPM = 0.3 • MPH = 12 • W = 20 • GPA = 0.3 (GPM) * 5,940 / 12 (MPH) * 20 inches • GPA = 1,782 / 240 = 7.4 GPA

  46. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Measure MPH ( DO NOT RELY ON SPEEDOMETER) • MPH = feet * 60 / seconds * 88 • Half full of clean water • Drive on similar terrain to what will be sprayed • Time how long it takes • How fast are you going if it takes 68 seconds to walk 300 feet? • MPH = 300 * 60 / 68 * 88 • 18,000 / 5,984 = 3.0 MPH

  47. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Effective spray width (W) • Distance between nozzles • Band applications - width of the band • Check label for range • Change nozzle • Calculate GPM (what you need) • Rate (GPA) • Speed (MPH) • Effective spray width (W)

  48. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • GPM = GPA * MPH * W / 5,940 • Example: What flow rate should a nozzle provide if you apply 25 GPA in a 15 inch band traveling 4 miles per hour? • GPA = 25 • MPH = 4 • W = 15 • GPM = 25 * 4 15 / 5,940 • GPM = 1,500 / 5,940 = 0.25 GPM

  49. Unit 7: Application Equipment & Calibration • Small areas • Test course • Clean water • Gallons per minute

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