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Session - 1 Computer Fundamentals

Session - 1 Computer Fundamentals. A Desktop Machine. A Computer System. Hardware Software User. User. Software. Hardware. A Computer System (Contd.). In general, a computer is a machine which accepts data, processes it and returns new information as output. Processing . Data.

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Session - 1 Computer Fundamentals

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  1. Session - 1Computer Fundamentals

  2. A Desktop Machine

  3. A Computer System • Hardware • Software • User User Software Hardware

  4. A Computer System (Contd.) • In general, a computer is a machine which accepts data, processes it and returns new information as output. Processing Data Information

  5. Software • Software is set of programs (which are step by step instructions) telling the computer how to process data. • Software needs to be installed on a computer, usually from a CD. • Softwares can be divided into two groups: - System SW - Application SW

  6. Software (Contd.) System Software • It controls the overall operation of the system. • It is stored in the computer's memory and instructs the computer to load, store, and execute an application. • Examples: Operating System (OS), Translators DOS, Windows, Unix etc.

  7. Software (Contd..) Application Software • They are Softwares written to perform specific tasks. • The basic types of application software are: word processing, database, spreadsheet, desktop publishing, and communication. Examples: MSOffice, Tally, MSOutlook, ISBS, MODBANKER BANKSOFT

  8. Advantages of Using Computers • Speed:Computers can carry out instructions in less than a millionth of a second. • Accuracy : Computers can do the calculations without errors and very accurately. • Diligence :Computers are capable of performing any task given to them repetitively. • Storage Capacity :Computers can store large volume of data and information on magnetic media.

  9. History of Evolution Of Computers Two Eras: • Mechanical Era (Before 1945) • Electronic Era (1945 - ) Can be divided into generations. • First Generation (1945 – 1954) • Second Generation (1955 – 1964) • Third Generation (1965 – 1974) • Fourth Generation (1975 - )

  10. Types of Computers On the basis of Computing Power & Size: • Laptop / Palmtop • Micro Computer / Desktop • Mini Computer / Mainframe • Super Computer

  11. Language of Computers • Computers only understand the electronic signals. Either Current is flowing or not. • Current Flowing : ON • Current Not Flowing : OFF • Binary Language • ON : 1 • OFF : 0 • Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB

  12. Computer Network • A Computer Network is interconnection of Computers to share resources. • Resources can be : Information, Load, Devices etc.

  13. Types Of Computer Networks On the basis of Size: • Local Area Network (LAN) Its a network of the computers locally i.e. in one room, one building. • Wide Area Network (WAN) Its a network of the computers spread widely geographically.

  14. Benefits of Computer Networks • Information Sharing • Device Sharing • Load Sharing • Mobility • Fast Communication • Anywhere Anytime Banking

  15. Internet • Internet is a huge network of computer networks. • Internet provides many services: • Email • World Wide Web (www) • Remote Login (Telnet) • File Transfer (FTP)

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