SmartGridLab: A Laboratory-Based Smart Grid Testbed

1. IEEE SmartGridComm 2010 SmartGridLab: A Laboratory-Based Smart Grid Testbed Gang Lu, Debraj De, Wen-Zhan Song Sensorweb Research Laboratory Georgia State University * We moved from WSU to GSU on August 2010

2. Sensorweb Service Portal Sensorweb Lab Research Focus Environment Monitoring Environment Safety Energy Efficiency Healthcare Effectiveness Smart Environments Smart Grid

3. Presentation Outline • Background and motivation • SmartGridLab architecture and design • SmartGridLab validation • Conclusion

4. Background • Trend of energy production and consumption in United States (Source: Energy Information Administration, Energy Perspectives, Figure 1 (June 2009)) • Result in power outage and frequent blackout, e.g., 5 massive blackout in past 40 years, 3 in past 9 years

5. Background (contd.) • Current power network is broadcast network and heavily depends on centralized power plants and power distribution infrastructures • Environmental concerns, such as green gas emission and expanding power infrastructure annoying community • Vulnerable to single point failure and expensive to recover after a weather or earthquake disaster • Smart Grid: integrate renewable energy sources, allow distributed power generation and supply, reduce peak load thus dependence on power plants • Many research problems to study and solve

6. Motivation • Foster Smart Grid research ecosystem by inventing lab-based smart grid testbed • Allow experiments to test and compare different designs in lab environment • Dimensions for innovation: • seamless integration of renewable energy sources • management of intermittent power supplies • real-time demand response • energy pricing strategy • ……

7. SmartGridLab testbed Design • Power Network + Information Network • Power Network: control energy flow • Intelligent Power Switch (IPS) • Energy supplier: main supply and renewable energy source (solar panel and small wind turbine) • Energy demander (e.g. appliances) • Information Network: sense and control power network • Network of power meter and controller

8. SmartGridLab: Power Network • Intelligent Power Switch (IPS) • Cloud of IPS • Scalable addition of new components • No centralized control • IPS can also act like micro-grid • Dynamic connection/disconnection of components

9. SmartGridLab: Power Network (contd.) • IPS design: distributed and scalable structure, with intelligent control of interconnections • Allows parallel connections • Switches and ports • For Np ports needed switches: Ns = Np.(Np - 1) / 2

10. SmartGridLab: Power Network (contd.) • Connection configuration in IPS: • multiple supplier - single consumer • single supplier - multiple consumer • parallel connection • IPS hardware: • Ports connect to: power supply/ appliance/ energy storage/ another IPS • TelosW controller, shift registers • Solid state relays S116S01

11. SmartGridLab: Energy Supplier and Demander • Energy Supplier: • Main supply • Renewable energy • Energy Demander: • Lamps • Computers • Other appliances • Smart Appliance

12. SmartGridLab: Information Network • Two way communication for information exchange and control • Possible medium: copper wiring/ optical fiber/ power line carrier/ wireless etc. • SmartGridLab: 802.15.4 wireless network (configured as a wireless mesh network), as low-power 802.15.4 is more flexible in a testbed environment • Allow centralized or distributed network formation and control

13. SmartGridLab: Information Network (contd.) • PowerMeter: sense energy consumption rate • TelosW mote • ACS714 5A Hall effect current sensor • resistor network • power supply.

14. Testbed Validation Experiments • Power Meter Calibration

15. Testbed Validation Experiments • Power Meter measurement of an Apple MacBook under different operations

16. Testbed Validation Experiments • Real-time Demand Response • Management of Intermittent Power Supplies

17. Testbed Validation Experiments • Real-time Demand Response • Price Driven Demand Response with Multiple Flow Supplier 1 Meter IPS 2 Demander

18. Testbed Validation Experiments • Disruption Resilience with Self Healing 1 2

19. Testbed Validation Experiments • Flow Balance using Multiple Path 2 1

20. Conclusion • SmartGridLab architecture • Power Network • Information network • SmartGridLab validation • Power meter calibration and validation • Real-time demand response • Disruption resilience with self-healing • Flow balance using multiple path • SmartGridLab supports Smart Grid research and teaching by offering fully functional lab-scale testbed

21. IEEE SmartGridComm 2010 Thank you! Questions or Comments? Dr. WenZhan Song wsong@gsu.edu (404)413-5734 More information: http://sensorweb.cs.gsu.edu SmartGridLab: A Laboratory-Based Smart Grid Testbed

22. Related Work • Simulation of Smart Grid: • S. Karnouskos and T. N. de Holanda, “Simulation of a smart grid city with software agents,” 2009. • “Integrid grid simulation laboratory,” http://www.integridlab.com/. • Energy Distribution Architecture • M. He, E. Reutzel, X. Jiang, R. Katz, S. Sanders, D. Culler, and K. Lutz, “An architecture for local energy generation, distribution, and sharing,” IEEE Energy2030. • X. Jiang, S. Dawson-Haggerty, P. Dutta, and D. Culler, “Design and implementation of a high-fidelity ac metering network,” IPSN 2009.