All About Antarctica

1. All About Antarctica By: Kelly and Minh

2. What makes Antarctica special? • Antarctica is surrounded by water and it’s about 1.5 times larger than the US. • Antarctica is the world’s largest desert and it has 87% of the World’s ice. • This continent has about 98% of the land is covered with ice sheet; the remaining 2 percent of land is barren rock. • On average, most of Antarctica gets less than 2 inches of snow fall each year.

3. Landscape and the animals in Antarctica Why don’t you visit here!!!

4. Some of the little rules when tourist plan to go to Antarctica • All tourism activities have to be self-sufficient. • Ships that carry more than 500 passengers are not authorized to make landings in Antarctica. • The environmental organization make illegal for any tourism activities that hurt the environment in Antarctica. • The tour company should restrict the number of passengers on shore at any one time. (“Foreign & Commonwealth office.” )

5. What is the weather in Antarctica? • Antarctica is the coldest place on the Earth. • Antarctica has the lowest temperature ever recorded on the Earth: −89.2 °C. • The South Pole is the coldest, windiest, and driest place on the Earth. • There is no rain in Antarctica and everyday the weather is sunny.

6. Clothes We Wear In Antarctica Big Red parka Thick socks Hat Long sleeve shirt Hoodie Gloves Long underwear pants Goggles Insulated boots Sweater VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkNWIKaPX70

7. Hotel in Antarctica

8. What types of animals in Antarctica? Seals : Crab eater Seal Whales : Orca (Killer) Whale Penguins : Adelie (http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/antarctica_animal.htm) Seals : Elephant seal Birds : Wandering Albatross krill

9. Activities in Antarctica • Shore landings and cruising • in zodiacs. • Camping in Antarctica. • Glacier walking. • Cross country-skiing. • Iceberg and rock climbing. • Kayaking. • Photography. (“Antarctica adventure activities when cruising the Antarctic” )

10. The impact of tourism in Antarctica • In the past, tourists have killed penguins, seals and other • animals and have taken historic items or geological souvenirs. • Rubbish and wastes from ships have also been a problem. • Major consequences for the environment by oil spill. • Some tourist ventures have gotten into trouble and have been assisted by staff from scientific bases. This can be a disruption to research activity. Please ! Don’t do it. Thank you (“Gateway Antarctica”)

11. Statistics about humans in Antarctica • There are 5,000 scientists from 27different countries. • There are 29,576 tourists - 2006/2007. • There are surface area 14 million square miles (36 million square kilometers). • The number of tourist have increased by about 36,875 in 2009-2010.

12. Which island were the most tourists visit? • South Shetland Islands 2. South Georgia 4. Lemaire Channel 3. Deception Island

13. Does Antarctica have plants? Moss Lichen Grass Mosses are small, soft plants that are typically 1–10 cm (0.4–4 in) tall, though some species are much larger. A lichenlooks like a single organism, but it is actually a symbiotic relationship between different organisms. Grasses are monocotyledonous, usually herbaceous plants with narrow leaves growing from the base. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

14. Colobanthus quitensis Deschampsia Antarctica Only two flowering plants found in Antarctica (http://library.thinkquest.org/26442/html/life/plant.html)

15. History about Antarctica • It has been only 100 years since humans first occupied the continent of Antarctica (1899), and a mere 180 years since seafarers first saw the islands of the Antarctic Peninsula (1819). Yet even before they laid eyes on it, most early explorers were convinced a large, southern continent existed. They called it Terra Australia Incognita--the Unknown Southern Land. Captain James Cook (Antarctica History)

16. Science in Antarctica • Aeronomy : Study about Global Warming and Ozone destruction. • Astrophysics: Study about the early Universe, Star. • Biology: Study about ecosystem in Antarctica . • Meteorology: Antarctica has become a base for collecting meteorological data. Scientist ‘s station in Antarctica (“Science in Antarctica.”)

17. Why Do Science in Antarctica? • Antarctica has the cleanest air in the world. • Antarctica is the darkest place on earth, an ideal setting for astronomical research. • Antarctica has no borders, allowing research • findings to be freely available to everyone. http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/stations/index.shtml

18. Global warming affect Antarctica • The global warming effect on Antarctica is five times as strong as anywhere else. • A large number of Antarctic penguins have suffered due to these changes. • In the last 30 years, no fewer than seven giant ice shelves have reduced in area by 14,500 square kilometers. (Global Warming Effect on Antarctica. )

19. Price on a trip to Antarctica • Basic wildlife viewing & landings - (9-12 days) $3,500 - $10,000 • Mountains, Icebergs & Glaciers - (11-16 days) $9,000 - $16,000 • Falklands & So. Georgia - (15-21 days) $10,000 - $23,000 • The Great Explorers Trip - (25-29 days) $12,000 - $35,000 (“Money & Costs.” )

20. Kelly and Minh Set 7 ESL 1 May 13, 2011 Works Cited “Antarctica adventure activities when cruising the Antarctic.” Optional Adventure Activities while cruising Antarctica. 2001 Web. May 2011 11th. Antarctica History. 1996-2006. Web. May 2011 9th. Antarctica Research Stations. N.d. Web. May 2011 13th. “Foreign & Commonwealth office.” Tourism in Antarctica. 2011. Web. May 2011 10th . “Gateway Antarctica” Tourism in Antarctica. N.d. Web. May 2011 11th. Global Warming Effect on Antarctica. Sep 07 2011. Web. May 2011 10th. “Money & Costs.” N.d. Web. May 2011 11th. “Science in Antarctica.” N.d. Web. May 2011 10th.

21.  Thank you for listening The End