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Exploring Proteins: Lab on Macromolecules

In this lab, students learn about the structure and function of proteins by conducting a Biuret's solution test to determine the protein content in different foods. They also explore the diverse functions of proteins in living organisms.

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Exploring Proteins: Lab on Macromolecules

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  1. Bellwork: 9/12 Put your phone up  Week 9/10-9/14 Explain the difference between monosaccharides and polysaccharides. What are the building blocks of starches? What are the 2 functions of starches?

  2. Today: • Unit 2, pt. 3 notes • Macromolecules lab

  3. Materials • Unit 2 book • Macromolecule lab packet

  4. Homework • None 

  5. Unit 2: Biochemistry • Matter • Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates* • Lipids* • Proteins* • Enzymes* • Nucleic Acids • Biochemical Reactions • Water* • Acids* • Bases*

  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpBAmzQ_pUE • Unit 2: Biochemistry

  7. Part III: Macromolecules - Proteins

  8. 4 Types of Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

  9. What kinds of foods contain protein?

  10. Proteins • Protein: Organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids • Amino Acids = building blocks of proteins • 20 different amino acids commonly found in the proteins of living things • Small proteins: few hundred AAs • Large proteins: thousands of AAs

  11. Structure • Polypeptide: long chain of amino acids bound together • Proteins consist of 1 or more polypeptide chains with up to 4 levels of structure • The different structures give them unique properties • Needed to carry out various jobs in living organisms

  12. Functions • Proteins play important roles in living things • Some proteins help cells keep their shape • Some make up muscle tissue

  13. Example - Hemoglobin • Function: transport oxygen in blood • Shape: “globular” • Folded perfectly with binding sites for 4 oxygen molecules

  14. Hemoglobin • Has quaternary structure • Made of 2 alpha subunits and 2 beta subunits

  15. Think! • Proteins have diverse functions. What is it about proteins that allow them to be so diverse?

  16. Important Functions in Human Body • Enzymes: proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells • Antibodies: proteins that bind to foreign substances such as bacteria and target them for destruction

  17. Lab: Proteins

  18. Groups • Same groups • Go to the numbered lab bench • 1 test tube rack, numbered test tubes, papertowel, Biuret’s solution, test tube cleaner!

  19. Amount of Protein • 0 = no protein • + = a little protein • ++ = medium protein • +++ = lots of protein

  20. Testing • Put 1 dropper (~1mL) full of each food in a separate test tube • Use the same order of foods as in the list • Put on GOGGLES and leave on until everyone is done with clean up! • Add 10 drops of Biuret’s Solution to each • Mix each tube for 30 seconds, as instructed • Record color change (0 to +++)

  21. Clean Up • (-10 points for messy lab) • Throw foods in TRASH (NOT SINK) • Clean out test tubes w/ test tube brush • Leave test tubes upside down to dry • Wipe down counters & put materials on cart

  22. WARNING • You MUST wear GOGGLES at all times during this lab!

  23. Agenda • Get into groups • Complete lab • Clean up! • Conclusion questions 

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