LEARN (2010)

1. LEARN (2010) Authentic Materials and Improvement of Listening Proficiency Lili Ma (DLI)

2. Why Authentic? • Elliptical structures, repetitions, long pauses, seemingly irrelevant words etc. , all these characteristics of genuine discourse are often ignored by course book writers or, at best, they are tackled in an unsystematic way. • If learners expect over- explicit messages, they may be confused and discouraged by the elliptical nature of everyday language. --- Gabrielatos (2002)

3. Authentic Materials and Improvement of Listening Proficiency • Chinese learners’ difficulties with authentic listening in general and in the environment of online learning in particular • randomly selected 25 examples of listening materials with a word count of 5617 from the WTE Chinese lessons • classified the speech features into 7 categories: 1. incomplete sentences (meaning recoverable or non-recoverable) 2. Insertions/fillers

4. Speech Features 3. Repetition 4. Improper grammar usage 5. Unclear and unintelligible utterance 6. Correction 7. Accent

5. Speech Features

6. Speech Features

7. Lund’s Taxonomy of real-world tasks

8. Lund’s Taxonomy of real-world tasks

11. Sample Passage 1 宁馨：但是我们从现实来看的话，是中国它在能源方面确实，它的举动是比较具有，怎么说呢，很积极地往外...比如说，跟俄罗斯，还有，啊，啊，这个，中东国家的关系，拉美国家的关系，非洲...现在我们知道最近温家宝又在对非洲国家进行访问，那么我想问一下，呃，王，王教授，你觉得中国在这方面是不是，那么，很多美国人觉得中国好像是在能源上好像似乎要，要挖这个美国的墙脚，或者是要，要在一定程度上拉美国的后腿。你，你能看到这种苗头吗？http://wte.dliflc.edu/products/wte/cm_sec271/cm_sec271_act4.html

12. Authentic Materials and Improvement of Listening Proficiency Lin: “第三项，就是说，那么，地面发射一个卫…一颗导弹，最后和这个卫星能够碰下来，就是说，能够接起来，啊，这证明什么呢？也就证明呢中国现利用它来测试，就是未来中国的航天啊，空间站，和这个飞船的对接技术。当然来讲，这个对接不能这么快了，对啊，它到时要，要减慢速度，这样。那么，中国现在有个军事专家，啊，解放军，也讲，他说这个试验呢证明中国有空间对接的能力，所以一箭三雕。"http://wte.dliflc.edu/products/wte/cm_mil073/cm_mil073_act8.html

13. Schema-Building • Anticipating Content (Explicit or implicit) • Anticipating Intent (Explicit or implicit) • Anticipating Language • Cohesive Devices • Rhetorical Devices • Background Knowledge

14. Schema-Building • Background Knowledge/Brainstorm • Prediction • Paraphrasing • Vocabulary Association • Matching/Grouping • Summarizing

15. Organizational Strategies • Divide Authentic (or semi-authentic) TL Material into Segments • Repeated Listening • Provide Hints—linguistic, socio-cultural, etc. • Provide Feedback (Audio & Visual) on performance features: fillers, elliptical structures, accent, pause, etc.)