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The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE)

The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE). EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS. Origins. Why Mesopotamia? Fertile Crescent/Tigris/Euphrates (pg 30) Where? Modern day Kuwait and Iraq. Who were first to arrive? Sumerians Disadvantages: unpredictable flooding (unlike Egypt)

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The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE)

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  1. The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE)

  2. EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

  3. Origins • Why Mesopotamia? • Fertile Crescent/Tigris/Euphrates (pg 30) • Where? Modern day Kuwait and Iraq. • Who were first to arrive? Sumerians Disadvantages: • unpredictable flooding (unlike Egypt) • No natural protection • Limited natural resources • How where these problems solved? • City-states

  4. The Standard of Ur Clearly defined social classes

  5. Emergence of organized formalized religions

  6. SUMER (p. 29-33) • Cuneiform- knife carves wedges into a tablet • Scribes worked with over 580 letters. Few could use cuneiform • Epic of Gilgamesh • Cultural diffusion • Ziggurats • Conquered by Sargon and the Akkadians • World’s first________.

  7. cuneiform writing

  8. Sumerian farmers plowing

  9. Bronze Age tools and weapons

  10. sailboat

  11. limestone bowls Ur

  12. Sumerian statues of Gods and Goddesses

  13. Standard of Ur

  14. Scenes of Peace

  15. Scenes of war

  16. Sumerian necklace

  17. Sumerian Bull's Head, Lyre from Tomb of Paubi, c. 2600 B.C.

  18. Early Sumerian writing—pictographs

  19. Later Sumerian writing—represent sounds down from 3000 to 300

  20. The Behistun Rock: the key to deciphering cuneiform

  21. BABYLON (p.33) • Amorites invade Mesopotamia around 2000 BC • Establish capital at Babylon on the Euphrates • Hammurabi and his code (“eye for an eye”) • Concept of “codification” • Rights to women?

  22. ASSYRIANS (p.95-97) • Capital is Ninevah • Known for being nasty, violent, and vile (often massacred conquered cities) • Militaristic people with advanced weapons • Eventually conquered by neo-Babylonians (Chaldeans)and Medes • 2 important kings= Sennacharib and Ashurbanipal

  23. Relief: Assyrian conquest of Israel

  24. CHALDEANS (p.97-98) • “New” or “Neo” Babylonians • Nebuchadnezzar • Legends about Babylon: Hanging Gardens, 11 mile long wall, walls were supposedly thick enough for a 4 horse chariot to ride on

  25. Solomon’s Temple

  26. Wailing Wall

  27. Lion Hunt

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