Splash Screen

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:Physical Features Section 2:Climate Regions Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. Human-Environment InteractionAbout 2 billion people, or roughly one-third of the world’s population, live in the region of East Asia and Southeast Asia. The region is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world. What factors do you think influence where people live? Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: Physical Features Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. The movement of Earth’s tectonic plates helped shape the landscape of East Asia and Southeast Asia. Today, plate movements causedangerous earthquakes and volcanoes along the region’s Pacific Rim. Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Climate Regions Geographic factors influence where people settle. Some areas in East Asia and Southeast Asia have very dry climates that support little farming. The region also has areas with plentiful rainfall and rich soil. These agriculturally productive areas are some of the most populous places on Earth. Chapter Intro 2

6. Chapter Intro-End

7. Physical processes shape Earth’s surface Section 1-Main Idea

8. Content Vocabulary archipelago cordillera loess gorge tungsten teak Academic Vocabulary despite construct Section 1-Key Terms

9. Traveling on a river is part of life for people in Laos. The Nam Song River is a tributary of the mighty Mekong River that runs through Southeast Asia. More than 60 million people depend on the river system for food, water, and economic survival. People are concerned, however, that China’s plans to build dams along the Mekong will hurt the region’s communities and wildlife habitats. Read Section 1 to learn more about the physical features of East Asia and Southeast Asia. Section 1-Picture This

10. A B C D What do you think most endangers water supplies in your community? A. Pollution B. Global warming C.Overuse D. Don’t know Section 1-Polling Question

11. The Huang He (Yellow River) actually dried up in the 1990s before it could reach the sea. While China has been building large new cities along the Huang He’s shores in the hope of attracting business, industry, and people, it has taken more and more water from the river. Pollution has been massive. Global warming has slowed the natural replenishment of the river. With so many damaging variables combined, the river isn’t quite the river it was. Section 1

12. The Land Tectonic plate movements have created mountains and caused powerful earthquakes in parts of the region. Section 1

13. The Land (cont.) East Asia and Southeast Asia extend from the mountains of inland China westward to the Pacific shores of Japan, and north to south from the highlands of northeastern China to the tropical islands of Indonesia. Section 1

14. The Land (cont.) East Asia occupies much of the Asian continent south of Russia. China and Mongolia extend over most of East Asia’s landmass. The other East Asian countries—North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan—lie on peninsulas or islands. Section 1

15. The Land (cont.) Mountain ranges and highlands slice through western East Asia. • The tallest ranges here include the Himalaya and the Kunlun Shan. • Between these mountains is the vast Plateau of Tibet, averaging about 15,000 feet (4,572 m) in elevation. Section 1

16. The Land (cont.) East of the mountains are East Asia’s only major lowland areas—the North China Plain and the Manchurian Plain. Narrow lowland areas also line the coasts of the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Most of East Asia’s population lives on these fertile lowland areas. Section 1

17. The Land (cont.) In the Pacific Ocean off East Asia’s coast lies an arc of mountainous islands. • These islands include Japan, which forms an archipelago, or chain of islands, and Taiwan off the coast of southeastern China. • Indonesia and the Philippines are also archipelagoes. Section 1

18. The Land (cont.) • East Asia’s islands are part of the Ring of Fire, an area bordering the Pacific Ocean where plate movements cause many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Section 1

19. The Land (cont.) From north to south, mainland Southeast Asia is crossed by cordilleras, or mountain ranges that run side by side. • Fertile river plains and deltas separate the ranges. • These lowland areas are home to most of mainland Southeast Asia’s people. Section 1

20. The Land (cont.) South and east of mainland Southeast Asia are many mountainous islands which form part of the Ring of Fire and hold many active volcanoes. Despite their dangers, they provide rich soil that supports agriculture. Section 1

21. The Land (cont.) The islands of Southeast Asia also face challenges from earthquakes. An earthquake on the Indian Ocean floor in 2004 caused a tsunami that washed over the coastal lowlands of more than a dozen countries, killing more than 300,000 people and destroying thousands of homes and businesses. Section 1

22. A B C D Which country lies entirely on Southeast Asia’s mainland? A.Indonesia B.Malaysia C.Thailand D.Philippines Section 1

23. Seas and Rivers Seas and rivers play an important role in agriculture and trade in the region. Section 1

24. Seas and Rivers (cont.) The most important rivers in East Asia flow through China, beginning in the Plateau of Tibet and flow eastward to the Pacific Ocean. The Huang He (Yellow River) is northern China’s major river system. • This river carries tons of fine, yellow-brown soil called loess that blows in from deserts in western China. Section 1

25. Seas and Rivers (cont.) • When deposited, the rich soil—along with the river’s water—makes the North China Plain a major wheat-growing area. • Throughout China’s history, the Huang He has regularly flooded the land, destroying homes and drowning many people. Section 1

26. Seas and Rivers (cont.) China’s Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) is Asia’s longest river, flowing about 3,400 miles through spectacular gorges and broad plains until it empties into the ocean at Shanghai. • The Chang Jiang provides water for a large farming area where more than half of China’s rice and other grains grow. • It is also an important trade route allowing oceangoing ships and barges to travel far upriver. Section 1

27. Seas and Rivers (cont.) The Chinese are constructing a the world’s largest dam—the Three Gorges Dam—on the Chang Jiang, intended to prevent floods and supply a large amount of hydroelectric power. Section 1

28. Seas and Rivers (cont.) Southeast Asia’s major rivers begin in northern highlands and in southern China. Most of them flow southward toward the Gulf of Thailand, which is an arm of the South China Sea. Section 1

29. Seas and Rivers (cont.) Southeast Asia’s major rivers include the Irrawaddy and the Salween in Myanmar and the Chao Phraya in Thailand. The Mekong River begins in China and empties into the South China Sea. Warm temperatures and heavy rains make the Mekong region a fertile rice-growing area. Section 1

30. A B C D Which river in East Asia carries tons of fine, yellow-brown soil called loess? A.Huang He B.Chang Jiang C.Huang Jiang D.Strait of Malacca Section 1

31. A Wealth of Natural Resources The region’s valuable resources support its growing economies. Section 1

32. A Wealth of Natural Resources (cont.) China, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Vietnam have rich oil reserves. Major coal producers are China, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam. Section 1

33. A Wealth of Natural Resources (cont.) China produces electricity from the Three Gorges Dam on the Chang Jiang. Dams on Japan’s swift, short rivers provide hydroelectric power for that country’s cities, industries, and farms. Section 1

34. A Wealth of Natural Resources (cont.) Indonesia, Malaysia, and China are leading producers of tin. China has one of the largest iron ore deposits in the world. North Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines also mine iron ore. Section 1

35. A Wealth of Natural Resources (cont.) Chromium, manganese, nickel, and tungsten, which are used to make high-quality steel, are found in China and the Philippines. Tungsten is also used to make light bulbs and rockets. Section 1

36. A Wealth of Natural Resources (cont.) Myanmar, Indonesia, and Thailand have large quantities of teak wood, which is used to make buildings and ships because it is strong and durable. Mahogany from the Philippines is used in wall paneling and high-quality furniture. Section 1

37. A B C D Which gem is harvested in Japan? A.Diamonds B.Pearls C.Rubies D.Sapphires Section 1

38. Section 1-End

39. Geographic factors influence where people settle. Section 2-Main Idea

40. Content Vocabulary dzud landslide Academic Vocabulary series site Section 2-Key Terms

41. The rafflesia is the largest––and maybe the smelliest––flower in the world. The rafflesia is a type of lily that grows in the rain forests of Malaysia and Indonesia. The flower measures up to 3 feet (1 m) wide and gives off the smell of rotting meat to attract flies that pollinate it. Rafflesia and other flowers in this region are used to make lifesaving medicines. Read Section 2 to learn more about East Asia and Southeast Asia’s climate and vegetation. Section 2-Picture This

42. A B C D Are there any similarities between the climate zones of East Asia and the climate where you live? A. Yes B. No C.Maybe D. Don’t know Section 2-Polling Question

43. In the middle of China’s Taklimakan Desert, archaeologists have discovered a city they say is 2,200 years old. The most surprising feature is that practically the whole city was built of wood from poplar trees. With satellite technology, scientists can tell that the area once had plenty of water and forests. They speculate that the city died and the desert took over partly because the people cut all the trees—what we today call deforestation. Section 2

44. Effects on Climate Wind patterns influence the climates in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Section 2

45. Effects on Climate (cont.) Winds, along with the region’s landforms, shape the climates of East Asia and Southeast Asia. In winter, cold Arctic winds sweep across flat areas of Siberia and lower temperatures in Mongolia and northern China. The average January temperature around Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital, is about –15°F (–26°C). Section 2

46. Effects on Climate (cont.) In the vast parts of the region that lie below northern China, monsoon winds are common. In the summer, warm, moist Pacific air brings as much as 80 percent or more of the region’s yearly rainfall. In the winter, dry winds blow outward from the Asian continent to the ocean. Section 2

47. Effects on Climate (cont.) Areas of Southeast Asia that are closest to the Equator have warm temperatures year-round. Rain falls more evenly there throughout the year. Section 2

48. Effects on Climate (cont.) Ocean currents also affect climate, especially on islands such as Japan. • A warm-water current flows north along southeastern Japan, adding moisture to the winter monsoon as it warms the land. • A cold current flows southwest along Japan’s Pacific coasts, bringing harsh, cold winters to Japan’s northernmost areas. Section 2

49. Effects on Climate (cont.) The warm waters of the Tropics help form strong, hurricane-like storms called typhoons. Typhoons that arise in the Pacific can blow across coastal East Asia, causing much damage with their high winds, large waves, and heavy rains. Section 2

50. A B C D What is a strong, hurricane-like storm in the Pacific? A.Monsoon B.Typhoon C.Tsunami D.Earthquake Section 2