דר' ליאור פינק אוניברסיטת בן- גוריון בנגב

1. דר' ליאור פינקאוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב • חבר סגל במחלקה להנדסת תעשיה וניהול משנת 2006 • ראש ESRL משנת 2008 • דוקטורט במערכות מידע, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב • פוסט-דוקטורט, UCLA • רקע בפסיכולוגיה וכלכלה • חוקר אספקטים כלכליים של פיתוח והטמעת מערכות מידע

2. Cloud Computing and B2B Electronic Commerce

3. Electronic Markets Hypothesis • Thomas Malone, Joanne Yates, and Robert Benjamin, Communications of the ACM, 1987 • “By reducing the costs of coordination, information technology will lead to an overall shift toward proportionately more use of markets – rather than hierarchies – to coordinate economic activity”

4. Economics of Markets and Hierarchies • Markets: non-specific governance structures, multiple buyers and sellers, short-term exchanges, standardized goods, equilibrium prices • Hierarchies: highly-specific governance structures, bilateral or unified

5. Economics of Hybrids • Hybrids: multilateral, long-term agreements, intermediate degree of inter-firm coupling, control and adaptability (e.g., networks, alliances, and chains) • Recurrent hybrids: repeated, relatively short-term exchanges, autonomous parties, episodic production, relatively certain and complete exchange terms • Relational hybrids: long-term exchanges, autonomous parties, sustained production, relatively uncertain and incomplete exchange terms

6. Governance Structures Relational Hybrids Recurrent Hybrids Markets Hierarchies Electronic Markets Hypothesis Electronic Markets Hypothesis

7. “Move-to-the-Middle” Hypothesis • Predicts a less dramatic shift from electronic hierarchies to long-term relationships with a smaller set of suppliers • Inhibiting factors: • Transactional economies of scale • Learning curve effects • Supplier incentives • Information transparency • Relational attributes

8. Governance Structures Relational Hybrids Recurrent Hybrids Markets Hierarchies “Move to the Middle” Hypothesis Electronic Markets Hypothesis “Move-to-the-Middle” Hypothesis

9. Cloud Computing • Technical standpoint: entails a mode of delivery in which services are provided from distant data centers over the Internet • Economic standpoint: cloud computing entails a model of pricing in which services are made available in a pay-as-you-go manner • Delivers the following benefits, which mitigate the inhibiting factors: • Elimination of fixed costs • Increased standardization • Elimination of switching costs • Improved adaptability • Introduction of intermediaries • Variation in openness

10. Governance Structures Relational Hybrids Recurrent Hybrids Markets Hierarchies “Move to the Middle” Hypothesis Electronic Hybrids Hypothesis Electronic Markets Hypothesis Cloud Computing and B2B Electronic Commerce

11. Electronic Governance Structures

12. Implications • IT providers have to develop systems that are more suitable for conducting B2B transactions via cloud-based, on-demand infrastructures • These systems should take the form of multilateral, web-based, supply chain platforms, with special attention given to security issues