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Lecture 1: Data Communications and Network Management Overview

Lecture 1: Data Communications and Network Management Overview. Telephone Network. Characteristics: Reliable - does what is expected of it Dependable - always there when you need it Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well Reasons: Good planning, design, and implementation

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Lecture 1: Data Communications and Network Management Overview

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  1. Lecture 1:Data Communications andNetwork Management Overview

  2. Telephone Network • Characteristics: • Reliable - does what is expected of it • Dependable - always there when you need it • Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well • Reasons: • Good planning, design, and implementation • Good operation and management of network

  3. Telephone Network Model

  4. Operations Systems / NOC • Operations support systems • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_Support_Systems • Monitor telephone network parameters • S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc. • Real-time management of network • Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance system measures loss and S/N.Trunks not meeting QoS are removed before customer notices poor quality • Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage. Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage below acceptable level • Operations systems are distributed at central offices • Network management done centrally from Network Operations Center (NOC)

  5. Data Communication Network Message (Frame) Application Application Client Station Switch Server Station Switch Trunk Line Access Line Switch Trunk Line Outside World Mobile Client Station Switch Router Mobile Client Station

  6. Internet/internet LAN LAN WAN LAN LAN LAN WAN … : router

  7. InternetConfiguration

  8. Internet Topology http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/topology.html

  9. TCP/IP Based Networks • TCP/IP is a suite of protocols • Internet is based on TCP/IP • IP is Internet protocol at the network layer level • TCP is connection-oriented transport protocol and ensures end-to-end connection • UDP is connectionless transport protocol and provides datagram service • E-mail, WWW, FTP, Telnet: TCP/IP • Network mgmt. (SNMP): UDP/IP • ICMP: part of TCP/IP suite

  10. Comparison

  11. Comparison (cont.)

  12. Protocols used in NM • SNMP(v1, v2, v3) • Simple Network Management Protocol • ICMP • Internet Control Message Protocol • Ping , traceroute • ARP/RARP • Address Resolution Protocol/ (Reverse ARP) • TCP • Socket • Telnet/SSH • HTTP+XML

  13. Common Network Problems • Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface) • Duplicate IP address (Procedural) • Intermittent(間歇的) problems • Network configuration issues • Non-problems • The cause of failure is a mystery. (Turn off , Turn on) • Performance problems

  14. Challenges of IT Managers • Reliability • Non-real time problems • Rapid technological advance • Managing client/server environment • Scalability • Troubleshooting tools and systems • Trouble prediction • Standardization of operations - NMS helps • Centralized management vs “sneaker-net”

  15. Network Management (NM) • Definition • OAM&P of Network and Services • OAM&P: Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning) • Goal • To ensure that the users of a network receive the IT services with the quality of service (QoS) that they expect.

  16. Top-down View of NM functions

  17. TT Trouble Ticket NM Functional Flow Chart NOC: Network Operation Center I&M: Installation & Maintenance

  18. 網管五大管理功能領域 • 管理功能領域 (Management Functional Areas, MFAs) • 障礙管理 (Fault Management) • 組態管理 (Configuration Management) • 安全管理 (Security Management) • 效能管理 (Performance Management) • 計量管理 (Accounting Management) ITU-T X.700 http://www.oreilly.com.tw/sample_chap/a030_03.pdf

  19. 網管五大管理功能領域 • 組態管理(Configuration Management) • Tells you where everything is in the network . • 障礙管理(Fault Management) • Tells you what your network is doing. • 效能管理(Performance Management) • Tells you how the network is doing. • 計量管理(Accounting Management) • Tells you when your network is used. • 安全管理(Security Management) • Tells you who is using your network.

  20. 障礙管理 (Fault Management) • Fault Management (FM) • Detection of a problem, fault isolation and correction to normal operation. • FM involves the following steps: • Discover the problem. • Isolate the problem • Fix the problem (if possible) • Use of Trouble-Ticket Systems

  21. 障礙管理之功能 • Maintain and examine error logs • Accept and act upon error detection notifications • Trace and identify faults • Carry out sequences of diagnostic tests • Correct faults

  22. FDDI .... .... .... PC PC PC UNIX UNIX UNIX 障礙管理實例 User DNS ... RMON Device Firewall / Router ... Internet WWW Server Mail Server

  23. FM例子：障礙存錄

  24. 組態管理 (Configuration Management) • Configuration Management (CM) • The process of finding and setting up (configuring) network devices. • CM identifies, exercises control over, collects data from, and provides data to networked systems.

  25. 組態管理之功能 • Set the parameters that control the routine operation of the networked system. • Associate names with managed objects and sets of managed objects. • Initialize and close down managed objects. • Collect information on demand about the current condition of the networked system. • Obtain announcements of significant changes in the condition of the networked system. • Change the configuration of the networked system.

  26. CM 例子: Auto Discovery

  27. CM 實例: 中華電信(CHTNet)

  28. 安全管理 (Security Management) • Security Management (SM) • The process of controlling access to information on the networked system. • 安全管理之功能 • The creation, deletion, and control of security services and mechanisms. • The distribution of security-relevant information. • The reporting of security-relevant events.

  29. 效能管理 (Performance Management) • Performance Management (PM) • Measuring the performance of network hardware, software, and media. • 幾個量測例子： • Overall throughput • Percentage utilization • Error rate • Response time

  30. 效能管理之功能 • Gather statistical information. • Maintain and examine logs of system state histories. • Determine system performance under natural and artificial conditions. • Alter system modes of operation for the purpose of conducting PM activities.

  31. PM例子|網路訊務量監測

  32. 計量管理 (Accounting Management) • Accounting Management (AM) • Tracking each individual and group user's utilization of network resources to better ensure that users have sufficient resources. • AM enables charges to be established for the use of network resources, and the costs to be identified for the use of those network resources.

  33. 計量管理之功能 • Inform users of costs incurred or resources consumed. • Enable accounting limits to be set and tariff schedules to be associated with the use of resources. • Enable costs to be combined where multiple resources are invoked to achieve a given communication objective.

  34. Interoperability (cont.) Services & Protocols

  35. Network Management Model Management Station Network Element Management Operation R MA MO Response Event Manager Agent Communication Protocols Communication Protocols Network Legend： MA: Manager Applications MO: Managed Objects R: Real Resource

  36. 網路管理構成元素 • 管理者 (Manager) • 代理者 (Agent) • 網路管理通信協定 (Network Management Protocol) • 網路管理資訊 (Network Management Information)

  37. 網路管理角色 • 管理者 (Manager) • 執行各項用來監督(Monitor)及控制(Control)網路設備的網管應用程式 • 代理者 (Agent) • 位於網路設備端，負責接受從管理者端送來之要求，執行所付予之工作，並將結果回報給管理者。

  38. 網路管理協定 • 網路管理協定專為管理者與代理者所設計之通信協定。 • 網路管理協定提供管理者與代理者間交換網管資訊標準方式。 • 目前主要兩種網管通信協定 • Internet網管通信協定： • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) • OSI網管通信協定： • CMIS/P (Common Management Information Service / Protocol)

  39. 網路管理資訊 • 被管物件(Managed Object, MO) • 將待管之網路資源，抽象化為物件，稱被管物件，簡寫MO。 • 被管物件所代表之網路資源可大可小，大可至代表整個網路設備如ATM交換器，小可至代表某一網路元件之參數，如介面卡之狀態。 • 管理資訊庫 (Management Information Base) • 被管物件之集合，簡寫MIB。

  40. Source: IEEE Communications Magazine • May 1993

  41. Status and Future Trends • Status: • SNMP management • Limited CMIP management • Operations systems • Polled systems • Future trends: • Object-oriented approach • Service and policy management • Business management • Web-based management

  42. 管理金字塔 (Management Pyramid) Business Management Service Management Network Management Element Management Network Elements

  43. Configuration Performance IN VPN Accounting Corporate Network Change Fault WAN Operation MAN Accounting LAN Installation Planning Network Management Data System Management Voice Applications Management Video Service Management Multimedia Eneterprise Management Functional Areas Network Types Stages 管理範圍? Disciplines Information Types

  44. FDDI .... .... .... PC PC PC UNIX UNIX UNIX 網路管理基本方式 network 網管系統 NM ... Notification RMON Device RMON Device Polling Firewall / Router ... Internet

  45. 網路管理基本方式 (續) • Polling (輪詢) • 網管系統主動至被管設備要求網管相關資訊 。 • 一般採用週期性輪詢，週期長短視需要而定，一般設為5~15分鐘。 • Notification (通報) • 網路設備自行發現問題時，主動向網管系統發出事件報告(Event Report)。

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