Please do not write on the packets.

1. *629-639- Analyze statistics on agricultural and population change in the 18th Century. - Describe changes in farming and population during this period. Please do not write on the packets.

2. For Tues. 11/27: Read the Chapter 20 and create a branching diagram over your assigned section: • Marriage/Family 661-66 • Children/Education 666-72 • Food/Medicine 672-80 • Religion/Popular Culture 680-85

3. What’s the answer to this? 6 5 3

4. Statistical Data Analysis: • “The AgriculturalRevolution meant an increase in population as a result of more efficient agricultural practices.” • Read/study the rest of the data sets and try to write at least 5 generalizations based on the data. (hint: you can combine data)

5. Statistical Data Analysis: Doc. # Possible Generalization: • Agricultural production was more efficient in the West. • Peasant diets relied heavily on grain. • Warmer temperatures meant increased wheat production meaning lower prices. • During the late 1700s wheat prices still remained higher than workers wages. 5-6. Plague continued as a population check. 7. Marriage rates increased, as did birthrates. 8. Child mortality rates improve in Britain, but worsen in France during the 1700s. 9. English life expectancy rates worsen during the early 1700s. DBQ ?

6. European Agriculture of the 1600s (Pre-Agricultural Revolution) • Majority of people were involved in agriculture. • Output was low, crop failures common oftentimes rely- ingon “famine foods”. • 3. Open-field system. • 4. Three field rotations. • 5. Traditional village • rights favored • peasants with use • of common lands. • 6. Peasant exploitation – • especially in Eastern • Europe was common.

7. The Agricultural Revolution • New methods of crop rotation increased yields dramatically. • New crops for feed animals, so herds grew and peasant diets • improved. • The Enclosure Movement ended • the old “open-field system” by • fencing lands, particularly in • England and the Low Countries. • With the end of common lands • available to peasants, the rural • poor suffered as a result. • However, the Enclosure • Movement gave Britain an • advantage in wool production.

8. Leadership of Agricultural Revolution • The Dutch had to seek maximum crop yields due to its dense • population. • Cornelius Vermuyden • drained marshlands • for cultivation. • Englishman Jethro Tull • experimented with farming • innovations: • Horse instead of oxen. • Seed drill. • By 1870 English farm • production was 300% • higher than it was in • 1700!

9. The Cost of Enclosure? • Higher yields meant land could • support higher rents, so the • aristocracy passed “Enclosure Acts” • to claim the best lands. • Land ownership pattern was a few • large, wealthy owners and a huge • mass of landless peasants called • “proletariat”. • Some peasants became “tenant • farmers” who tried new methods to • increase yields. • This process resulted in: • Market oriented agriculture • “Proletarianization” of workers. 9

10. Population Explosion • Incorrect Assumptions ? • Limits on Population Growth • Famine – Due to drought, crop disease.. • Disease – Black Death continued to return. • War – ex. Thirty Years War in Germany decreased pop. • Europe’s population growth remained LOW during the 1500s and stopped in 1600s. • New pattern emerged in 1700s of GROWTH • Disappearance of the plague (new brown Asian rat). • Medical advances did little with exception of Smallpox innoculation. • Improved sanitation in urban areas promoted public health, especially with typhoid and typhus. • Increase in food supply.