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Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing: Ammonia Characteristics

Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing: Ammonia Characteristics. Al Heber, Pattie Tao, Teng Lim, Jiqin Ni, Purdue University; Amy Schmidt, University of Missouri. www.AgAirQuality.com. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University.

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Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing: Ammonia Characteristics

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  1. Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing: Ammonia Characteristics Al Heber, Pattie Tao, Teng Lim, Jiqin Ni, Purdue University; Amy Schmidt, University of Missouri www.AgAirQuality.com Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University

  2. Swine Production Site in Northern Missouri Average Size of Farms

  3. Heber, A.J., T.-T. Lim, P.C. Tao, J.-Q. Ni, A.M. Schmidt. 2004. Control of air emissions from swine finishing buildings flushed with recycled lagoon effluent. ASAE Paper #044156. • EPA Multi-State Consortium Animal Waste and Premium Standard Farms • Measured PM10, TSP, CH4, NMHC, NH3, H2S, CO2, odor for 11 months at two barns. • Soybean Oil Sprinkling • Misting of Essential Oils • Misting of Essential Oils and Water Collaborative study by Purdue University and University of Missouri

  4. Trial 1: SOS Trial 2: SOS+ Doubled nozzles Trial 3: MEO Trial 4: MEOW Barn Inventory (Total Live Mass, AU) Mean pig mass ~ 64 kg Mean barn inventory ~ 1,100 70% reduction

  5. Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission from Two Swine Finishing Barns with Long Term Continuous Measurement Livestock Environmental Initiative Symposium, Mississauga, Ontario, CAN, Feb. 7-8. J.Q. Ni, A.J. Heber, T.T. Lim,P.C. Tao, A. Longman Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN A.M. Schmidt University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Each site had 8 tunnel-ventilated finishing houses with flushing 1 2 3 4 5 6 Barn 7 (control) Barn 8 (treated)

  6. Relative humidity/temperature Static pressure port Small Propeller Anemometer (SPA) Temperature sensor Summer air inlets Barn Layout and Sampling Locations Air sampling Met tower Barn 7 Barn 8 N Lab Fan stage # 80% full of pigs 5 3 Floor plan (61 m x 13.2 m) 1 2 4 Instrument shelter Background air sampling Attic 1-5 Diffusers Pens Exhaust air Shallow pit with recycle flush Adapted from Heber et al., 2002

  7. Real Time Display (Front View) Source: Ni, et al., 2005

  8. Barn and Outdoor Temperatures

  9. Barn Relative Humidity (Daily Means)

  10. Fan Airflow Measurement Small Propeller Anemometer Dr. Teng Lim Anemometer Fan tester

  11. Real Time Display (Floor Plan) Source: Ni, et al., 2005

  12. Multi-Point Gas Sampling To Lab Filter Cal gas Air sample

  13. Sampling control Data acquisition M1 1 1 p Exhaust Bypass pumping circuit P: pump S: solenoid 9.5 mm OD, 6.4 mm ID Teflon M: manifold F: filter 7.9/4.8 mm vinyl P1 Sampling probes, 10-115 m long 6.4 mm OD 3.2 mm ID vinyl 22.2/15.9 mm vinyl Analyzers NH3 S1 Bag fill port F P3 Pressure sensor M3 H2S F Mass flow meter CO2 M2 f CH4/VOC F Flow restrictors P2 C Cal gas circuit 9.5 mm OD, 6.4 mm ID Teflon Exhaust M4 Cal gases S12 B A 6-port manifold C6H14/CH4 S14 S13 Barn 7 calibration SO2 H2S NH3 NO 6-port diluter (5 L/min) Barn 8 calibration CO2 Zero air Air valve Rotameter Leak test circuit P4 Pressure gage P Jar

  14. Real Time & History Display (Flush) Source: Ni, et al., 2005

  15. Flushing Peaks (no NH3 response)

  16. Barn Static Pressure and Airflow

  17. 38.3 m3/s Half of total capacity 19.2 m3/s 8.6 m3/s 79.1% 25% of total capacity 9.6 m3/s 54.6% 22.5% Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Hourly Mean Ventilation Rates 6661 hours 318,045,000 m3

  18. Daily Mean Ammonia Concentration

  19. <23.6 ppm 75% of time <17.2 ppm 50% of time <9.6 ppm 25% time Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Hourly Mean Ammonia Concentration

  20. Daily Mean Ammonia Emission (kg/d)

  21. Daily Mean Ammonia Emission (g/d-pig)

  22. Daily Mean Ammonia Emission (g/d-AU)

  23. Correlation Table *p<0.05

  24. Pig Activity Signals (3 sensors/barn)

  25. HOT COLD HOT Daily Mean Activity-Induced Voltage

  26. Winter Activity Pattern (1 peak per day) Summer Activity Pattern (2 peaks per day)

  27. G2, 1 peak 21.5oC 12oC 2.1oC G3, 2 peaks G1, 2 peaks Hourly NH3 Emissions and Pig Activity Diurnal Patterns Emissions Activity

  28. Effect of Ambient Temperature on Diurnal Emission of Ammonia

  29. NH3 Emissions from Finishing Pigs (g/day-pig) • Dutch Standard 6.8 • Oesthook (1993) 3-5 • Kay & Lee (1997) 3.3-7.7 • Hendrik & Vrielink (1997) 4.0 • den Brok & Verdoes (1997) 4-5 • Hendriks et al (1997) 4.8-10.8 • Heber et al (1997), winter 5.8* • Koziel et al. (2005) 6.0 • This study in Missouri 7.3 • Hoff et al. (2005) 7.4 • Thelosen, et al (1994) 7.9 • Groot Koerkamp @ Uenk (1997) 9.2 • Ni et al (1998), summer 16.6 *Airflow estimated by heat balance

  30. Conclusions • The overall mean NH3 concentration was 17 ppm in the control barn (n=184 d). • The overall mean NH3 emission from the control barn was 62 g/d-AU (n=175 d). • Pig activity and NH3 emission rate displayed similar diurnal patterns that were influenced by season. • Diurnal patterns of activity and ammonia emissions depended on daily mean temperatures. • 55% of the annual barn airflow was delivered by 25% of the barn ventilation capacity. • The barn ammonia emissions were close to the Dutch standard of 6.8 g/day-pig.

  31. Thank you! Check out www.AgAirQuality.com

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