This picture represents:

1. This picture represents: • Anatomical Position – standard position for viewing the anatomy of the body. Eyes front, toes forward and palms turned forward.

2. This picture represents: • Circumduction: combination of flexion, abduction and adduction to create a circular motion. Arm, leg circles, trunk, neck rotations.

3. This picture represents: • Flexion – reducing the angle at a joint. Remember it must be in the Sagittal Plane.

4. Opposition is the movement of... • Touching your fingers to your thumb. Allows us to grasp and manipulate tools. Re position is when you separate the finger and thumb.

5. Walking forward moves through the _________ plane. Side movements are in the ___________ Plane, while spinning or rotation movements occur in the ________ plane. Walking = Sagittal Plane Side = Frontal Plane Spins = Transverse Plane

6. Swinging a bat moves around the __ axis, doing jumping jacks rotates around the ___ axis and running uses the ___ axis to move. • Longitudnal • Antero posterior • Horrizontal

7. What is supination and pronation of the forearm? • Supination is rotation of the thumb to the side and Pronation is the opposite, rotation of the thumb toward the midline of the body.

8. There is one essay to answer. Here it is. Research it and be ready to answer. • Essay 5pts - Explain each of the terms and how they are related to strength training: chronic hypertrophy, muscle overload, muscle micro tear and rest and recovery.

9. What is the difference between isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle contracitions?

10. What do the terms medial, lateral, proximal and distal mean? • Medial: moving towards the centre line of the body. • Lateral: moving away from the centre line of the body. • Proximal: The part or direction of a limb going towards the body. • Distal: The part of a limb going away from your body.

11. What do superior, inferior, posterior, anterior mean? • Anterior: towards the front of the body. • Posterior: towards the back of the body. • Superior: above or higher up on the body. • Inferior: below or under other parts of the body.

12. What is an agonist and an antagonist muscle? • Agonist is the primary (first) mover and the antagonist is the secondary mover. They counteract each other’s movement. Once shortened a muscle needs to be pulled back to its original length.

13. What is the origin and insertion of a muscle? • The origin is the attachment point where the muscle joins the skeleton and does not move. Also is referred to as the anchor point. • The insertion is the attachment to the skeleton that moves when the muscle contracts.

14. What is the motor unit? • The neuron cell and the muscle fibers connected to the neuron make up a motor unit.

15. When a signal is sent to a motor unit all the muscle fibers it controls contract to their fullest potential. This is called the __ principal. • All or None Principal

16. What is Fine motor control and Gross motor control? • Fine Motor Control – ie small delicate movements like face and hands. Many small motor units are used to carry out fine movement. • Gross Motor Control – ie big, strong movements like running, kicking and jumping. Fewer but much larger motor units are used to create forceful movements where fine control is not required.

17. Name functions of the muscular system... • 1. Movement • 2. Assist in other body system functions like digestion, breathing, blood circulation... • 3. Creates heat as a bi product of muscle contraction which helps body stay warm during cold times. (shiver reflex)

18. Name functions of the skeletal system... • 1. Gives us our structure and shape (place for muscle and organ attachment) • 2. Protection (ribs, skull...) • 3. Provide the levers needed for movement • 4. Storage of minerals like potassium and calcium used in our body chemistry. • 5. Red and White Blood as well as Platelet cells are made in the marrow of bone.

19. Axial vs the Appendicular Skeleton... What’s the diff?

20. Name and give examples of the five types of bone... • Which bone type is missing? Sesamoid – ie patella (knee cap)

21. Bone has air pockets... Why? • The web like bone structure inside a bone makes it strong, somewhat flexible and above all reduces the amount of weight. Without air pockets our skeleton would be much heavier.

22. What is a true rib??? • 7 True rib attaches to sternum directly • 3 False ribs attach together by cartilage and join the sternum as one • 2 floating ribs not connected

23. Muscle fiber properties. There are four, name and explain... • 1. irritability – can respond to a stimulus like an electric impulse • 2. contractibility – ability to shorten its length • 3. elasticity – can be stretched back to its original position\ • 4. extensibility – ability to extend longer than its original length ( muscle stretching)

24. What is cartilage?? • Cartilage is a hard yet flexible, tough but smooth tissue. Found wherever two or more bones meet. Also in areas (chest, nose, ears...) where flexibility is required. Cartilage helps prevent bone on bone irritation by providing a frictionless surface around the joints.

25. Identify the movement • Dorsiflex • Plantar flex • Supination • Pronation • Adduction • Abduction • Flexion • Extension • Opposition • Reposition • Elevation • Depression • Protraction • Retraction • Circumduction