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CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS. Topic 3 Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice and Auditory System The Laryngeal and Articulatory/Resonating Systems Speech Production Process. The Laryngeal System. Functions: Biological
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CSD 2230HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS Topic 3 Introductory Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech, Voice and Auditory System The Laryngeal and Articulatory/Resonating Systems Speech Production Process
The Laryngeal System Functions: • Biological • Prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea • Coughing • Speech • voicing
Structural Support • Hyoid bone • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage • Arytenoid cartilages • Epiglottis
Vocal Folds Points of attachment: • Thyroid cartilage • Artenoid cartilages
Vocal Folds and Their Points of Attachment • Thyroid • Arytenoid • Glottis • CD ROM demo 12.01 and 12.05
Muscles of the Larynx A number of muscles that assist in the movement of the vocal folds and larynx Three groups
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles These muscles have one point of attachment on some structure of the larynx and another point of attachment on structure outside the larynx
Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx These muscles have both points of attachment within the larynx • Muscles of abduction • Muscles of adduction • Tensor muscles
Supplemental Muscles of the Larynx These muscles have one point of attachment on the hyoid bone and course either above or below • Suprahyoid • Work to raise the larynx • Infrahyoid • Work to drop the larynx
Some Major Laryngeal Muscles Posterior cricoarytenoid • Intrinsic laryngeal muscle • Only muscle that abducts the fold
Some Major Laryngeal Muscles Lateral cricoarytenoid and Interarytenoids • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles • muscles that adduct the folds
Some Major Laryngeal Muscles Thyroarytenoid and Cricothyriod • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles • muscles that tense the larynx
The Articulatory/Resonating System Divisions of the vocal tract • The pharyngeal cavity • The oral cavity • The nasal cavity
The Skull Structural support system
Major Landmarks of the Skull for Speech Major landmarks include: • Maxilla, mandible, zygomatic bone and arch, temporomandibular joint, temporal bone, and mastoid
Important Structures of the Vocal Tract Teeth • 16 pairs for 32 total • Imbedded within the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla • Think about /f/ and /th/
Important Structures of the vocal Tract Hard palate • Maxilla • Think about /t/ and /s/
Important Structures of the Vocal Tract Velum • Soft tissue • Think about /k/ and /g/ • Biological purpose of the velum is to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity • CD ROM demos • 11.07 and 11.08
Hard and Soft Palates • Hard palate • Soft palate (velum)
Important Structures of the Vocal Tract The tongue A number of extrinsic and intrinsic musles make up the tongue
Major Muscles of the Tongue Responsible for moving the tongue around in the oral cavity
Life-Span Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating System • Skull • Size • Number of separate plates • Fusing of plates • Lower bones of the face • Tongue and lips
Speech Production Process • Vibration of the vocal folds • The glottal source • Modification of the glottal source by the vocal tract
Phonation • Folds are adducted by contraction of the intrinsic larygeal adductors • Glottis closes
Phonation • Subglottic pressure increases
Phonation • Subglottic pressure reaches a critical level and blows the vocal folds apart • Air rushing through the glottis causes negative pressure that helps pull the folds back together • Bernoulli Effect
Important Characteristics of the Glottal Source • Fundamental Frequency • Rate of vocal fold vibration • Determines the pitch of the voice • Spectrum • CD ROM demos • 12.06 and 12.08