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Nitriding. The diffusion of nitrogen into the surface layers of low carbon steels at elevated temperature. The formation of nitrides in the surface layer creates increased mechanical properties. Team Nitriding. Beth Blumhardt – Brent Fogal – Greg Mooren – Jana Young. Nitriding.
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Nitriding The diffusion of nitrogen into the surface layers of low carbon steels at elevated temperature. The formation of nitrides in the surface layer creates increased mechanical properties. Team Nitriding Beth Blumhardt – Brent Fogal – Greg Mooren – Jana Young
Nitriding • Benefits of Nitriding • Types of Nitriding • Future of Nitriding • Process Determination • CVD Reaction • Deposition Process • Diffusion Depth • Process Results Introduction
Nitriding • Principal Reasons for Nitriding are: • Obtain High Surface Hardness • Obtain a Resistant Surface • Increase Wear Resistance • Increase Tensile Strength and Yield Point • Improve Fatigue Life • Improve Corrosion Resistance • (Except for Stainless Steels) Benefits
Nitriding • Improves Mechanical Properties • Surface Hardness • Corrosion Resistance • Chemical Reaction • Nitrogen & Iron • Core Properties Not Effected • Temperature Range • 495 - 565 ºC • Below Tempering Temperature • White Layer By-Product • Thin • Hard Iron Nitride Background
Nitriding • Process methods for nitriding include: • Gas • Liquid • Plasma • Bright • Pack ***Lots of more nitriding methods for specific applications*** http://www.nitriding.co.uk/np01.htm
Gas Nitriding • Gas methods: • Case-Hardening Process • Nitrogen Introduction • Surface of a Solid Ferrous Alloy • Suitable Temperature • Between 495 and 565°C (for Steels) • Nitrogenous Gas • Ammonia
Liquid Nitriding • Liquid nitriding: • Thermo-chemical Diffusion Treatment • Hardening Components With Repeatability. • Salt Bath, at Less Critical Temperatures. • Preserves Dimensional Stability • Corrosion Protection • Exhibit Long-Term Resistance to Wear, Seizure, Scuffing, Adhesion and Fatigue.
Plasma Nitriding • Vacuum Chamber • Pressure = 0.64 Pa • Pre-Heat Cycle • Surface Cleaning • Ion Bombardment • Control Gas Flow • N, H, CH4 • Ionization by Voltage • Blue-Violet Glow • Wear Resistant Layer Set-Up Process http://www.milwaukeegear.com/nitrid.htm
The Future of Nitriding • Replacing Liquid Nitriding • Environmental Effects • Ease of Control • More Complex Substrates • Performed at Lower Temperatures • Creates Higher Residual Stress< PLASMA / ION NITRIDING http://www.northeastcoating.com/
Problem Statement • Gas Nitriding • How do the variables of nitriding steel affect the process and the mechanical properties of the surface? • The following variables were investigated: • Time • Temperature • Gas Velocity • Develop Process Model
CVD Equations CVD Process Calculations
CVD Reaction Calculations
CVD Process Calculations
Surface Composition The Following Variables Were Used in The Calculation of Csurface η(T) ρ(T) D(T) δ(T,v) hmass(T,v) Calculations
Case Depth Calculations
Case Depth Calculations
Case Depth Calculations
CONCLUSION • Time Effects • Increase Diffusion Depth • Temperature Effects • Surface Composition • Deposition Efficiency • Diffusion Rate • Diffusion Depth • Gas Velocity Effects • Surface Composition • Replenishes Nitrogen Gas • Minimizes Stagnant Layer Thickness
CONCLUSION • Microstructural Effects • Processing Temperature • Surface Microstructure • Mechanical Property Effects • Improves • Surface Hardness • Wear Resistance • Corrosion Resistance • Fatigue Life • Yield Strength • Lowers • Ductility • Fracture Toughness Continued