1 / 11

Reaction Types

Reaction Types. Combination (Synthesis) Reactions. Two or more substances combine to form a new compound. A + X  AX. Reaction of elements with oxygen and sulfur Reactions of metals with Halogens Synthesis Reactions with Oxides There are others not covered here!.

hawa
Download Presentation

Reaction Types

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reaction Types

  2. Combination (Synthesis) Reactions Two or more substances combine to form a new compound. A + X  AX • Reaction of elements with oxygen and sulfur • Reactions of metals with Halogens • Synthesis Reactions with Oxides • There are others not covered here!

  3. Decomposition Reactions A single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances AX  A + X • Decomposition of: • Binary compounds H2O(l )  2H2(g) + O2(g) • Metal carbonates CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) • Metal hydroxides Ca(OH)2(s)  CaO(s) + H2O(g) • Metal chlorates 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) • Oxyacids H2CO3(aq)  CO2(g) + H2O(l )

  4. Single Replacement Reactions A + BX  AX + B BX + Y  BY + X Replacement of: • Metals by another metal • Hydrogen in water by a metal • Hydrogen in an acid by a metal • Halogens by more active halogens

  5. Lithium • Potassium • Calcium • Sodium • Magnesium • Aluminum • Zinc • Chromium • Iron • Nickel • Lead • Hydrogen • Bismuth • Copper • Mercury • Silver • Platinum • Gold The Activity Series of the Metals • Metals can replace other metals provided that they are above the metal that they are trying to replace • Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in acids. • Metals from sodium upward can replace hydrogen in water

  6. The Activity Series of the Halogens Halogens can replace other halogens in compounds, provided that they are above the halogen that they are trying to replace. • Fluorine • Chlorine • Bromine • Iodine 2NaCl(s) + F2(g)  ??? 2NaF(s) + Cl2(g) MgCl2(s) + Br2(g)  ??? No Reaction

  7. Double Replacement Reactions The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. AX + BY  AY + BX One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate, an insoluble gas that bubbles out of solution, or a molecular compound, usually water.

  8. Combustion Reactions A substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat. • Reactive elements combine with oxygen P4(s) + 5O2(g)  P4O10(s) (This is also a synthesis reaction) • The burning of natural gas, wood, gasoline C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

  9. neutralization • A type of double replacement reaction • Neutralization • Acids are compounds that dissolve in water to produce solutions containing hydronium ions, H3O+ (aq), and bases dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions, HO- (aq).  When an acidic solution and a basic solution are mixed, hydroxide ions react with hydronium ions to produce water molecules: • H3O+ (aq)  +  HO- (aq) 2 H2O • H+ (aq)  +  HO- (aq)  H2O

  10. neutralization • This chemical process is called neutralization.  What happens to the other ions that were present in the original solutions?  Nothing!  They are still separately solvated and moving independently, unaffected by the reaction going on around them.  Let's look at the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide: • HCl (g)  H+ (aq)  +  Cl- (aq)

  11. Reactions with hydrocarbons • Reactions involving combustion of hydrocarbons (H and C) do not fit these 4 types • Ex. Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

More Related