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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Chapter 36. Page 8. Basic Structure. Neurons Composed of 3 parts Cell body Dendrites Axon. DENDRITES. Branchlike extensions that receive impulses and carry them to the cell body. AXON.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System Chapter 36

  2. Page 8 Basic Structure • Neurons • Composed of 3 parts • Cell body • Dendrites • Axon

  3. DENDRITES • Branchlike extensions that receive impulses and carry them to the cell body

  4. AXON • Single extension of neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body and toward other neurons, muscles, and glands

  5. CELL BODY • Contains nucleus of nerve cell

  6. How are neurons connected? • SYNAPSES! • Junction between neurons • Impulses must cross synaptic space to reach the brain and other destinations

  7. What’s the Matter?White and Gray Matter • Axons are covered with a white substance called the MYELIN SHEATH • This white covering gives this part of the brain its “white” appearance. • The MYELIN SHEATH is formed from SCHWANN cells • SCHWANN cells insulate the axon and increase the speed of the impulse

  8. WHITE MATTER

  9. GRAY MATTER • Absence of myelin sheaths in neurons accounts for gray matter in the brain.

  10. MOVEMENT OF A SIGNALThe “Electric Slide” in the body! • Neurons send electrical signals/impulses in the body! • Where is the signal going? • Sensory organs • Brain • Muscles

  11. 3 Types of Neurons • Sensory neurons • carry signals from outside and inside the body to the brain and spinal cord • Interneurons • found in brain and spinal cord • process sensory impulses and send the message on the motor neuron • Motor neurons • carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord

  12. How do neurons work? • Reception-stimulus from outside is detected • Transmission-message is sent to brain • Interpretation-brain interprets message and formulates response • Transmission-message is sent to muscle • Response-muscle responds to stimulus LOOK AT PICTURE ON NOTES

  13. ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN • CEREBRUM-2 hemispheres • controls conscious activities, intelligence, memory, language, skeletal muscle movements, and senses • gray matter • surface area increased by folds (more surface area = greater intelligence)

  14. ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN • CEREBELLUM-located at back of brain • controls balance, posture, and coordination

  15. ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN • MEDULLA OBLONGATA-brain stem • controls involuntary activities (ex: breathing and heart rate)

  16. Brain and spinal cord Control center Nerves Outside informers Somatic system Autonomic system Sympathetic system Parasympathetic system CENTRAL VS PERIPHERAL

  17. PERIPHERAL

  18. The impulse does not go to the brain for processing. The brain becomes aware only after reflex has already happened. Reflex Arc

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