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PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria. Phylogeny. Characteristics. First living evidence on earth Unicellular Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles) Cell wall with internal plasma membrane Found everywhere. Bacteria. Bacteria Structures.

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PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

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  1. PART IChapter 18Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

  2. Phylogeny

  3. Characteristics • First living evidence on earth • Unicellular • Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles) • Cell wall with internal plasma membrane • Found everywhere

  4. Bacteria

  5. Bacteria Structures • Cell wall – provides support and protection to the cell • Plasma membrane – flexible, selectively permeable boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell • Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane • Ribosome – organelle that helps to manufacture proteins • DNA - stores and communicates genetic information for the cell

  6. Bacteria Structures • Pilus/pili - hairlike protrusion • to stick to surfaces • a bridge for sexual reproduction • Flagellum - long, whiplike protrusion, for moving • Capsule - sticky layers around cell wall • Toxin - a powerful poison • Endospore – found in some bacteria - resists harsh environments

  7. Flagella

  8. Capsules

  9. Endospores

  10. Endospores

  11. Classification:Three Basic Shapes • Cocci -SpheresBacilli -RodsSpirilli -Spiral

  12. Classification: • Gram stain – Cell wall type • Thick – Purple Stain = “Gram Positive” • Thin - Pink Stain = “Gram Negative”

  13. Growth Patterns • Diplo- pairs • Staphylo- clusters • Strepto- chains

  14. Streptococci

  15. Pneumonia

  16. PART IIChapter 18Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

  17. Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria

  18. Live in more habitable environments Eubacteria - “True” bacteria

  19. Cyanobacteria - “blue-green bacteria”Algae + Bacteria

  20. Sulfur Bacteria

  21. Beneficial Bacteria • Nitrogen fixation • Converts nitrogen into ammonia • a form that plants can use • Nodules • A symbiotic relationship between bacteria and plants

  22. (Beneficial Bacteria) Saprophytes (decomposers) • Breaks down dead organisms and decaying matter • Returns nutrients to soil

  23. (Beneficial Bacteria) Make food: • Cheese • Pickles • Yogurt • Vinegar • Sauerkraut

  24. Cellular Respiration

  25. Pathogenic Bacteria – disease-causing bacteria • Pathogen – an organism that causes disease • Produce toxins • Damage host’s tissues • Enter through openings in body (via air, food, water)

  26. Antibiotics:~ Destroys cell wall of bacteria~ Creates holes in the cell walls Sir Alexander Fleming1928 - discovered Penicillium notatum

  27. Air-Born

  28. Air-Born Bacteria

  29. Reproduction Asexual • Binary Fission • Cell division • Rapid - 20 min. Sexual • Conjugation – exchange genetic material • Pili/pilus - bridge

  30. Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction

  31. Conjugation - Sexual Reproduction

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