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PCB4233: Immunology

PCB4233: Immunology. Dr. Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty Email: rodmauri@fiu.edu Phone: 305-3484922 Lecture 2. Skin. Blood vessel. Special forces of high specialization. Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells). Recognition & Activation. Skin. Blood vessel.

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PCB4233: Immunology

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  1. PCB4233: Immunology Dr. Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty Email: rodmauri@fiu.edu Phone: 305-3484922 Lecture 2

  2. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Recognition & Activation

  3. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells)

  4. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) How these special cells (T/B) does not attack self cells in the body?

  5. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Factory of T/B Cells

  6. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Education Center for T-cells (Army Academy) Education Center for B-cells (Army academy) Factory of T/B Cells

  7. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Don’t target/kill cells from your own body Education Center for T-cells (Army Academy) Education Center for B-cells (Army academy)

  8. Skin Blood vessel Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Education Center for T-cells (Army Academy) Education Center for B-cells (Army academy) Factory of T/B Cells

  9. Skin Innate Immune System Blood vessel Adaptive Immune System Special forces of high specialization Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Education Center for T-cells (Army Academy) Education Center for B-cells (Army academy) Factory of T/B Cells

  10. Skin Innate Immune System Blood vessel Adaptive Immune System Special forces of high specialization Secondary lymphoid organs Immunological memory Troop (library) of soldiers (T/B cells) Primary / Centrallymphoid organs Education Center for T-cells (Army Academy) Education Center for B-cells (Army academy) Factory of T/B Cells

  11. Receptors with specificity for pathogens molecules Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) This receptors recognize repeating patterns of molecular structure carried by microorganisms/pathogens on their surfaces The pathogen-associated molecular patterns that PRR recognize are called PAMPs (MAMPs)

  12. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns that PRR recognize are called PAMPs

  13. The Innate immune recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLR) • Toll-like receptors belong to an evolutionarily ancient recognition and signaling system • Discovered from embryonic development studies in fruitfly • Found to have a role in the defense against bacterial and fungal infections • In Drosophila is Toll, and the homologous protein in mammals and other animals are therefore known as Toll-like receptors

  14. There are 10 expressed TLR genes in mice and humans

  15. Infection stimulates macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines that initiate an inflammatory response Chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils, and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection

  16. Infection stimulates macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines that initiate an inflammatory response The recruitment of activated phagocytes to sites of infection is one of the most important functions of innate immunity

  17. Important cytokines secreted by macrophages in response to bacterial products

  18. Important cytokines secreted by macrophages in response to bacterial products

  19. Chemokines can be produced by a wide variety of cell types in response to bacterial products, viruses, and agents that cause physical damage. Thus, infection or physical damage to tissues sets in motion the production of chemokine gradients that can direct phagocytes to the sites where they are needed.

  20. Neutrophils • Normal adult releases1-3 x 1010 neutrophils per day from Bone Marrow • Primary function is phagocytosis and killing of pathogens • To do so neutrophils must gain access to tissues from the bloodstream – extravasation Neutrophils are thefirst cells to bind toinflamed tissue, and therefore to arrive in large numbers at a site of infection, with monocytes and immature dentritic cells being recruited later.

  21. Neutrophils moving through the circulation system: ROLLING

  22. Neutrophils leave the blood and migrate to sites of infection in a multi-step process

  23. Steps in neutrophil extravasation • Rolling. Recognition ofinflamed tissue • Activation bychemoattractants • Arrest and adhesion • Transendothelialmigration • Chemotaxis towardssource of infection Same principles asfor T cell migrationin lymph nodes

  24. Macrophages and neutrophils are not only brought to potential sites of infection by chemokines but in the process they are also armed to deal with any pathogen they may encounter there. In particular neutrophils exposed to CXCL8 and cytokyne TNF-α are activated to produce the respiratory burst that generates oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and to release their stored lysosomal contents.

  25. Some differences between INNATE and ADAPTIVE immunity

  26. That is all for today Thanks for coming! Reading Material Chapter 1 and 2

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