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Temperate Grassland

Temperate Grassland. Kendall E Hayley S. Temperate grasslands are characterized by rolling hills and vast plains. (Miller, 137) They are located on the interior of continents (in the center). Types Steppes: short grasses Prairies: tall grasses Regional Names:

hayes-serrano
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Temperate Grassland

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  1. Temperate Grassland Kendall E Hayley S

  2. Temperate grasslands are characterized by rolling hills and vast plains. (Miller, 137) They are located on the interior of continents (in the center). Types Steppes: short grasses Prairies: tall grasses Regional Names: North America: Prairies/Plains Europe/Asia: Steppes South Africa: Veldts South America: Pampas Hungary: Puszta (“The Wild Classroom”) Temperate Grassland

  3. Climate Extremes Hot/dry summers Extremely cold winters (Miller, 137) Precipitation Moderate Rainfall Occurs mostly in spring/summer 25-100 cm/year Affects grass height Drier=Shorter (“ThinkQuest”) Temperature Wide temperature range: Hot summers: 38°C Cold winters: -40°C (“University of California Museum of Paleontology”) Climate Characteristics

  4. Climate Characteristics How do temperature and precipitation relate?

  5. Other Abiotic Factors Rich/Fertile Soil Decomposed roots hold soil together are provide food to plants. Good for farming (“University of California Museum of Paleontology”) Fires Caused by lightening from common storms Spread quickly across grass Prevent trees from growing Clear land and nourish soil Germinate some seeds (“The Wild Classroom”) Climate Characteristics

  6. All over the world In the inside areas of continents Typically in North and South America, Asia, and Europe Largest grasslands are in Asia and N. America (“University of California Museum of Paleontology”) Geographic Location

  7. Many plants are drought tolerant (unlike trees). Drought, fire, animal grazing prevent trees and wood plants from growing here-grassland flora can handle these factors (Miller, 137) May find some trees (cottonwoods, willows) in river valleys where there is more moisture. (“University of California Museum of Paleontology”) Flora

  8. Dominated by grasses (WWF) 90% of Biomass Grow best with varying temperature, rainfall, and rich soil of the different grassland areas. Endure drought Grass height depends on precipitation Wetter regions=taller grass Main types: (“The Wild Classroom”) Blue grama Buffalo grass Purple needlegrass Galleta Flora

  9. Along with grasses many types of flowers thrive in grasslands (“University of California Museum of Paleontology”) Asters Blazing Stars Goldenrods Sunflowers Clovers Wild Indigos And others Flora

  10. Many insects Live off the plants Beetles, Spiders, Grasshoppers (Miller, 137) Ants/Earthworms in soil Withstand desiccation Primary Consumers Smaller animals Prairie dogs, deer mice, jackrabbits, meadowlarks, bison, and many others. Survive because of burrow living and also speed. (Miller, 137) Fauna

  11. Adapted to windy/dry conditions. (“University of California Museum of Paleontology”) Higher level consumers Coyotes, deer, bobcats, foxes, hawks, snakes, and many others. Many larger species such as wolves and pumas have been hunted, severely decreasing their population. (Miller, 137) Fauna

  12. Affected by drought, fires, and grazing animals. Largely dominated by vegetation (“The Wild Classroom”) A few major types of grasses- but there are hundreds of others. Flowers and shrubs There are many small animals and primary consumers along with a large amount of insects. There are fewer high level consumers due to hunting. (Miller, 137) Shannon Diversity Index would be middle to high ranges because although there are many organisms, vegetation is dominated by a few types of grasses and there are not many large predators. Biodiversity Pyramid of Biomass

  13. Farming Flat ground with few trees Good soil (Miller, 137) Fires Caused by humans: spread very quickly (“The Wild Classroom”) Dust Storms Caused by plowing and wind. Ex: Dust Bowl (“ThinkQuest”) Hunting of Animals Buffalo Environmental Concerns

  14. References Audel, Hazen. "Temperate Grassland." Biomes of the World. 2003. The Wild Classroom. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://www.thewildclassroom.com/biomes/grasslands.html>. "Ecosystems: Biomes and Trophic Structure." ISB 202 Global Change. 23 Jan. 2007. Michigan State University. 20 Oct. 2008 <https://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/notes/snotes/01_23_07_biomes.html>. "Grasslands." Think Quest. Oracle. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://library.thinkquest.org/28082/grasslands.html>. "Grasslands." What's It Like Where You Live. 2002. Missouri Botannical Garden. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/grasslnd/index.htm>. Miller, G. Tyler. "Grassland, Tundra, and Chaparral Biomes." Living in the Environment. 12th ed. 136-37. "Temperate Grasslands, Savannas and Shrubland Ecoregions." WWF. 11 July 2006. World Wildlife Fund. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat08.cfm>. Thomas, Robert, and Margaret Orr. "The Grassland Biome." University of California Museum of Paleontology. 2001. California Academy of Sciences. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/grasslands.php>. "Wild Flowers." Nps.gov. 6 July 2007. National Parks Service. 20 Oct. 2008 <http://www.nps.gov/wica/naturescience/wildflowers-missouri-goldenrod.htm>.

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