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Grading

Grading. November 30, 2010 By Liz Goedegebuure. Objectives. To understand the p urpose of grading To understand the difference between the objectivity and subjectivity in Grading To be able to define Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Grading. What is the Purpose of Grading?.

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Grading

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  1. Grading November 30, 2010 By Liz Goedegebuure

  2. Objectives • To understand the purpose of grading • To understand the difference between the objectivity and subjectivity in Grading • To be able to define Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Grading

  3. What is the Purpose of Grading? • Administrative • Guidance • Instructional Planning • Motivation • Feedback about Student Achievement

  4. Administrative Purposes • Placement when students transfer from one school to another • Student entrance into college

  5. Guidance Purpose • Counselors provide direction to students for what classes students should or should not take, and also occupations they might consider.

  6. Instructional Planning Purposes • Teachers use grades to make initial decisions about students strengths and weaknesses in order to group them for instruction

  7. Motivational Purposes • If a student receives a bad grade, it could motivate a student to try harder • If a student receives a good grade, it could motivate students to continue to work hard

  8. Feedback About Student Achievement • It gives teachers a good idea about how their students are grasping and understanding the information they are learning

  9. Should Teachers Use Grades? • Grades tend to reduce students’ interest in the learning itself • Grades tend to reduce students’ preference for challenging tasks • Grades tend to reduce the quality of students’ thinking

  10. Should Teachers Use Grades? cont. • Grades spoil teachers’ relationships with students • Grades spoil students’ relationships with each other • Grades encourage cheating • Grades waste a lot of time that could be spent on learning

  11. QUESTIONS • What are some of the purposes of grading? • Why might some people see grades as a negative thing?

  12. Objectivity in Grading • An objective assignment is always easier to give and to grade • There is always one right answer

  13. Subjective Grading • Students have more control over the grade they receive because they are allowed more room to answer the question • There can be multiple correct answers

  14. Norm-Reference Grading • Most appropriate when comparing a large number of students • Determines individual performance in comparison to others • Items produce great variance in scores, perhaps with less than 50% scoring correctly • It is inappropriate to use these tests to determine the effectiveness of educational programs and to provide diagnostic information for individual students (www.edtech.vt.edu)

  15. Norm-Referenced Grading Cont. • Advantages to Norm-References Systems • Easy to use • Works well in situations requiring rigid differentiation among students • Generally appropriate in large courses that do not encourage cooperation among students but generally stress individual achievement

  16. Norm-Referenced Grading Cont. • Disadvantages to Norm-Referenced Systems • An individual’s grade is determined not only by his/her achievements, but also by the achievements of others. • Promotes competition rather than cooperation

  17. Criterion-Referenced Grading • Most appropriate for quickly assessing what concepts and skills students have learned from a segment of instruction • Determine individual performance in comparison to some standard or criterion • Items based on standards given to students; most students should answer correctly

  18. Criterion-Referenced Grading Cont. • Advantages to Criterion-Referenced Systems • Students are not competing against each other and are more likely to actively help each other learn

  19. Criterion-Referenced Grading Cont. • Disadvantages to Criterion-Referenced Systems • Difficult to set reasonable criteria for the students without a fair amount of teaching experience

  20. ACTIVITY

  21. Questions • What is the difference between Norm-Referenced Grading and Criterion-Referenced Grading?

  22. Objectives • To understand the purpose of grading • To understand the difference between the objectivity and subjectivity in Grading • To be able to define Norm-Referenced and Criteria-Referenced Grading

  23. References Assessment Purposes. (n.d.). Learning Technologies | Virginia Tech . Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http://www.edtech.vt.edu/edtech/id/assess/purposes.html Grading Systems | Center for Teaching & Learning. (n.d.). Center for Teaching & Learning | Committed to teaching excellence.. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http://teaching.uncc.edu/resources/best-practice- articles/assessment-grading/grading-systems Kohn, A. (n.d.). From Degrading to De-Grading. Alfie Kohn Homepage. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http://www.alfiekohn.org/teaching/fdtd-g.htm Marzano, R. J. (2000). Transforming classroom grading . Alexandria, VA.: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development.

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