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FINANCES & ECONOMY IN HRE

FINANCES & ECONOMY IN HRE. NORMAN DOMINATION IN SICILY 1061-1091 ROGER I & SON ROGER II FREDERICK I 1152-90 & FREDERICK II 1212-1250 – VIEW ITALY AS REVENUE PRODUCING N. ITALIAN CITY-STATES & PAPAL STATES NOT INTERESTED & DEFEAT IN LEGNANO

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FINANCES & ECONOMY IN HRE

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  1. FINANCES & ECONOMY IN HRE • NORMAN DOMINATION IN SICILY 1061-1091 ROGER I & SON ROGER II • FREDERICK I 1152-90 & FREDERICK II 1212-1250 – VIEW ITALY AS REVENUE PRODUCING • N. ITALIAN CITY-STATES & PAPAL STATES NOT INTERESTED & DEFEAT IN LEGNANO • COMPROMISE N. ITALY REMAINS INDEPENDENT BUT PAYS ANNUAL FEE TO F. BARBAROSSA • HENRY VI SON OF F.B. STRONGEST RULER SINCE CHARLEMAGNE BUT PREMATURE DEATH & EMPIRE FELL APART • FREDERICK II RAISED IN SICILY & COSMOPOLITAN & FOCUS ON ITALY SO GERMAN PRINCES TAKE OVER

  2. RECOVERY & REFORM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

  3. Obj: What issues led to reform in the Church & how effective were they in achieving their goals? CHALLENGES TO THE PAPACY POLITICAL DIVISION IN ITALY BYZANTINE POSSESSIONS MUSLIMS HRE ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL NORTHERN & CENTRAL ITALY MONASTIC IDEAL SUFFERED DUE TO POLITICAL CONCERNS OF PAPACY & CHURCH OBLIGATIONS OF FEUDAL SYSTEM LED TO CONCERN FOR MATERIAL ITEMS AT EXPENSE OF SPIRITUAL RESPONSIBILITIES LAY INVESTITURE CEREMONY SIMONY CLERICAL MARRIAGE

  4. MONASTIC REFORM • CLUNY ABBEY & WM. OF AQUITAINE 910 IN FRANCE • RENEWED DEDICATION TO BENEDIC-TINE RULE • INDEPENDENT FROM LOCAL RULE • MORE WORK, MORE PRAYER • LESS RELIANCE ON MATERIAL LIFE • SOUND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT • REPRESENTED ORDER + STABILITY IN DISORDERLY & UNSTABLE WORLD • PAPAL SUPPORT KEY IN SUCCESS OF CLUNAIC REFORM • 100’S OF ABBEYS THROUGHOUT EUROPE

  5. GREAT SCHISM 1054 • POPE & PATRIARCH? WHO HAS UNI-VERSAL JURISDICTION • LEAVENED OR UNLEAVENED BREAK • ROLE OF CONSTNATINOPLE IN HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY • ICONOCLASTIC CONTROVERSY • SUPRESSION OF GREEK & LATIN LANGUAGES IN RESPECTIVE AREAS • PATRIARCH MICHAEL I & POPE LEO IX • FINAL DIVISION OF ROMAN CATHOLIC & EASTERN ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY • DIVISION EXISTS TODAY

  6. LAY INVESTITURE CONTROVERSY 1075KING HENRY IV OF HRE & POPE GREGORY VII • ELIMINATE POLITICAL ASPECT OF APPOINTING CHURCH OFFICIALS • GREATEST REFORM POPE • ONLY CHURCH HAS RIGHT TO ELECT OFFICIALS & RUN IT’S OWN AFFAIRS • HENRY IV DISAGREES – TRADITIONALLY KINGS APPOINT CLERGY • BISHOPRIC OF MILAN IMMEDIATE CAUSE – POPE & KING DIFFER ON CANDIDATE • POPE THREATENS EXCOMMUNICATION • KING DEPOSES POPE AT SYNOD • POPE FOLLOWS THROUGH W/ THREAT • ABSOLUTION & FORGIVENESS AT CANOSSA & BAN LIFTED BUT 3 YRS LATER AT IT AGAIN • EXCOMM & H4 INVADES ITALY, TAKES ROME • STRUGGLE ENDS 1122 CONCORDAT OF WORMS – POPE HAS FINAL AUTHORITY

  7. SOCIAL & POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES 1075-1122 • CIVIL WAR BETWEEN NOBLES VYING FOR POWER IN HRE • BUILD UP OF CASTLES BY NOBILITY TO SYMBOLIZE INCREASED POWER & INDEDPENDENCE FROM POPE & EMPEROR • NOBLES HOLD REAL POWER IN HRE & EMPEROR WILL NEVER HAVE ULTIMATE AUTHORITY & LOYALTY OF SUBJECTS • SUCCESSORS OF HENRY IV RELINQUISH RIGHTS & PRIVILEGES TO NOBLES • FREDERICK I AND II CAN’T STRENGTHEN MONARCHY AGAINST NOBILITY • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPE & EMPEROR ALWAYS DIFFERENT THAN WITH OTHER MONARCHS 1) POPE CROWNED EMPEROR AND 2) POPE & EMPEROR CLAIMED PAPAL STAES & NORTHERN ITALY UNDER THEIR CONTROL

  8. PAPAL MONARCHY INNOCENT III 1198-1216 • REFORM CONTINUED AFTER G7 • PAPAL CNETRALIZATION POPE URBAN II 1088-1099 – PAPAL CURIA OR PAPAL COURT • COURT FOR ALL APPEALS INVOLVING CHURCH: MARRIAGE, PROPERTY, OATHS • MOST POPES IN 12TH & 13TH C. TRAINED AS LAWYERS NOT MONKS • COLLEGE OF CARDINALS ONLY ONES TO SELECT POPE • INNOCENT III ‘SUPREME JUDGE OF ALL EARTHLY AFFAIRS’ • USE OF EXCOMMUNICATION & INTER-DICT – KING JOHN (E) & PHILIP II (F) • INQUISITION: CRUSADE AGAINST THOSE WITHIN THE CHURCH • FRANCISCANS, DOMINICANS & CISTERCIANS – SANCTIONED BY INNOCENT DUE TO CORRUPTION WITHIN & RESULT OF REFORMS

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