Thursday 14th February 2013 Eduardo González, Head of Maintenance Department

1. Thursday 14th February 2013 Eduardo González, Head of Maintenance Department Public Bus Company of San Sebastián DBUS FLEET RUNNING ON BIODIESEL

2. Municipal Bus Company of San Sebastián • 182.500 inhabitants • Founded in 1886 (125 years). • From 1981: Municipal Company. • 36 urban lines (9 nightlines “buhos”). • 120 buses: • 83 of 12m • 26 articulated • 3 of 10m • 8 microbuses • 485 employees (345 drivers). • 29 million travellers in 2012 • 157 travels/inhab.year, one of the biggest ratios in Europe. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

3. Selection of 2nd generation Biodiesel • Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel • No fuel supply diversification • No vehicle purchase / depots overcosts • No maintenance adjustment needed. • Social acceptance: 2nd Generation Biofuel • CLEAN FUEL! Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

4. Application of CIVITAS schedule 2009 ONWARDS • 2008: • November: Fuel mixing pumping station purchased • Diesel / Biodiesel separated tanks and pipelines • Rising evolution: • Average blends ahead CIVITAS plan • Towards a Ecological fleet Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

5. KEY STEPS • Obtaining certificates and allowances • Quality and supply Guarantees of BIODIESEL supplier (EN14214) • BUS manufacturer’s allowance for Biodiesel use in newest buses. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

6. KEY STEPS • B16 Bus Fuel tanks cleaning • B20 Fuel Hoses Substitution Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

7. LOW TEMPERATURE EFFECT: KEY STEPS • Fuel Filter Saturation • B100 Buses • B100 Station Filters • Actions: • Fuel filters change • Temporary change to B30 until temperature rises over 0ºC Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

8. Emissions Results • Annual reduction • > 3,9 Million Litres Diesel Substitution • > 10000 Tons CO2 Savings Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

9. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED – RISKS AND MITIGATING ACTIVITIES • Increasing fuel consumption, up to 8,5% and increasing price of Biodiesel • RISK: Widespread deployment of the highest biodiesel blends uneconomic. • MITIGATING ACTIVITIES: Set lower average Biodiesel blends (under B30) Negotiate restrained price with local supplier. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

10. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED – RISKS AND MITIGATING ACTIVITIES • Saturation of fuel filters • RISK: Serious damage in bus engines • MITIGATING ACTIVITIES: Bus Filter change • B100 and DIESEL suppliers quality control, different opinions from Bus Manufacturer and Biodiesel Supplier. • Dbus Fuel Tanks water or contamination control • Mixing Station DIESEL filters maintenance. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

11. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED – RISKS AND MITIGATING ACTIVITIES • Early error in Fuel Injection System: • RISK: Change of Fuel Injectors (best case) • Damage in High Pressure fuel pump (very expensive) • MITIGATING ACTIVITIES: Specific Maintenance program, injectors change. • Pending of conclusions from workshop between Bus Manufacturer and Biodiesel Supplier. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

12. RECOMENDATIONS • Experience replication • Blending - pumping station – highly recommended for fast reaction if blend change needed. • Maintenance – A proper preventive maintenance of fuel tanks, filters and pumps. Previous cleaning of underground fuel tanks. • Fuel quality – In order to avoid potential engine problems, the quality of the fuels purchased should be ensured regularly in order to assure that high quality fuels are used. • Increase patterns – A step-by-step increasing pattern regarding the percentage of biofuel in the mix is recommended, especially in older vehicles in order to avoid premature saturation of fuel filters • Compatibility - Special biodiesel compatibility control with the injection pipes when using blends of more than 20% should be undertaken. • Climate restrictions – It is recommended that biodiesel blends are decreased when temperatures are below 0 °C. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

13. RECOMENDATIONS • Staff involvement - Involving all staff levels in the pilot experiences is highly recommended in order to create an adequate framework for innovation. • Stakeholders involvement – Commitment to partnership from bus manufacturer and fuel-biofuel supplier. Steady communication channels with local stakeholders are essential for that purpose. (e.g: workshops) Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

14. FUTURE PLANS • Cooperative Study of the situation still need to be agreed by both the Biodiesel supplier and the bus manufacturer to get to a clear conclusion. It will need to address questions such as: • A more specific standard for Biodiesel blends apart from EN14214, is needed to ensure that the newest vehicles can run with high blends of biodiesel? • Will the problems also affect vehicles with less modern engines than Euro 4 over a longer timescale, or not? • CURRENT SCENARIO: • Increasing taxes on Biofuels in 2013 • Total dependency on Fuel prices evolution or other initiatives such as CIVITAS • EU recent initiatives forget about biodiesel. Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González

15. Thank you! Thursday 14th February 2013 Eduardo González, Head of Maintenance Department Public Bus Company of San Sebastián Consortium Meeting • Donostia – San Sebastián • Eduardo González