Avoiding Plagiarism

1. Avoiding Plagiarism You must give credit for every Quote Summary Paraphrase

2. Methods for Quoting Material

3. 1. Short Quotations Short quotations (exactly as written in source) are written as a part of your sentence or paragraph: • a. Quote preceded by a verb (says, notes, indicates, etc.) Some Americans feel that efforts to solve the “homeless problem” are really just efforts to hide the ugliness of homelessness from our view. Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, notes, “An increasing number of U.S. cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public” (320). Note comma followingverb Note placement of end punctuation

4. Short Quotations • b. Quote preceded by a restrictive clause (starts with “that”, “who”, “which,” etc.) Some Americans feel that efforts to solve the “homeless problem” are really just efforts to hide the ugliness of homelessness from our view. Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, notesthat “an increasing number of U.S. cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public” (320). Note lower case first word of quote Note no comma preceding quote Note end punctuation

5. 2. Longer Quotations Generally, long quotations are preceded by a colon and an introductory clause, like “states the following:” Americans’ attitudes toward women in the work force have changes over the years in part as a result of social and political issues far beyond typical women’s issues. Susan Faludi, notes the following changes: Indent quote 5 spaces on left The spiral swung around again in the 1940s as a wartime economy opened millions of high paying jobs to woman, and the fovernment evan began to offer minimal day care and household assistance.(Backlash 51) Maintain double line spacing Note end punctuation

6. 3. A Quote within a Quote Occasionally, you will want to quote material which your source has also quoted. This may happen in two ways: • a. You will quote only the material that your source quoted Some feminists see conspiracy around every corner. In 1933, Doris Stevens noted, “All around us we see attempts being made, buttressed by governmental authority, to throw women back into the morass of unlovely dependence from which they were just beginning to emerge” (qtd. in Faludi 50). Note lower case qtd. Note end punctuation

7. 3. A Quote within a Quote b. You will quote both the source AND the material quoted in the source 1st set of quotation marks use “ Women who delayed childbearing“were, in the words of President Theodore Roosevelt, ‘criminals against the race’ and ‘objects of contemptuous abhorrance by healthy people’” (Faludi 49). 2nd quote uses single‘ Close each quote with its appropriate quotation mark

8. Methods for Quoting Recap: 1. Short Quotations a.preceded by a verb (use comma) b.preceded by relative clause (no comma) 2. Long Quotations a. indent on left side b. period before parentheses

9. Methods for Quoting Recap: 3. Quote within Quote a. Quoting source’s quotes (qtd. in) b. Quoting source and source’s quote (‘ “ )

10. About Parentheses: USE PARENTHESES TO DIRECT READER TO SOURCE LISTED IN WORKS CITED PAGE. NO COMMA Between author and page # . . . by healthy people’” (Faludi 49). Include page # on which quoted material is found -- No page # needed if internet source does not include original page #s Include author’s LAST name if you have not already stated it when introducing the quote

11. About Parentheses: Internet sources may not require parentheses IF: • Author is noted in text • Internet source does not use original page #s Author stated in text No parentheses Kristin Harrar states, “For example, Maine had an average male high school enrollment of 31,526, or 51.5%. The average female high school enrollment stood at 29,703, or 48.5% women.” Period inside quotation marks

12. About Parentheses: Information given with quotation, summary, or paraphrase MUST lead reader to the correct entry in the Works Cited Page Be sure author’s last name is in-text or in parentheses. If the article does not have an author, use the first word of the Works Cited entry. • First Significant word of title • Name of organization or group author

13. About Parentheses: What if my Works Cited page includes TWO sources by the same author? Include the first significant word of the title after the author’s name in parentheses: (Gavora, “Field”). OR Indicate the title of the work in TEXT: In “A Field of Nightmares,” Gavora indicates,

14. About Parentheses: ONLY include in parentheses information that is NOT included in-text with the quoted material. Author noted in text . Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, notes . . “criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public” (320). Page number only

15. Methods for Altering Quoted Material Why would I ever change quoted material anyway? • To make quotation flow with your writing • To condense quotation to only that which you NEED to quote

16. Ellipsis Points Shorten and specify quotations using ellipsis points Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, shows that “in a misguided effort to deal with homelessness [ . . .] U.S. Cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior” (320). Material was taken out here Page reference and period placement unaffected

17. Adding Emphasis A. If you add emphasis (underline, bold, italicize) to a quote, use parentheses at end for comment Pascale (320) notes that “an increasing number of U.S. Cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public (emphasis added). These words were NOT underlined in original, so this is added emphasis Comment in lower case. No internal punctuation

18. Comments or Clarifications Use square brackets when making comments within the quoted material. This date is not in the original -- You are telling the reader when these “latest reports” were published. Pascale notes that “the latest government reports [April 1999] indicate that homelessness has increased 2% each year for the past 10 years” (318).

19. Adjusting Quote for FLOW If you alter a quote to make the grammar flow with your sentence, place square brackets around the words you change. Change in word indicated by [ ] I regard [neckties] of all sorts as dangerous neck tourniquets that block the flow of blood to the brain and cause a buildup of hot air that, if unchecked, can turn a person into a fathead” (Hall 113).

20. Adjusting Quote for FLOW Sometimes, the quoted material uses pronouns or other vague words that do not make sense out of context. You can add clarification in brackets. Jackson said “I guess MGM’s lawyers and New Line Cinema are going to have a huge amount of fun [ . . . ] trying to work it [the legal rights to filming The Hobbit] out” (“Don’t”). Added explanation of “it” Words eliminated for conciseness First word of title of article with no author