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TAXI .

TAXI . Transportable Array for eXtremely large area Instrumentation studies. e.g. an IceCube Surfave Veto Array. Timo Karg, Rolf Nahnhauer DESY IceCube Collaboration Meeting 3 March 2014 in Banff. TAXI Concept.

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TAXI .

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  1. TAXI. Transportable Array for eXtremely large area Instrumentation studies e.g. an IceCubeSurfave Veto Array Timo Karg, Rolf Nahnhauer DESY IceCubeCollaboration Meeting 3 March 2014 in Banff

  2. TAXI Concept see also our presentation at the Munich meeting:https://events.icecube.wisc.edu/getFile.py/access?contribId=88&sessionId=33&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=51

  3. Sensors Communication R&Dstation Reference Detector Power Source

  4. First Step: Single Station SensorR&D Idea: Use a simple reference air shower detector for trigger and coarse reconstruction S1 S2 sensor 10 m power S3 DAQ Si: reference air shower detectors (plastic scintillator)

  5. Second Step: Cluster (4 Stations) ArrayR&D 100 m power DAQ

  6. Requirements • Highly modular system that allows easy interchange of components • R&D environment for different system components with well defined interfaces • Easy transport and setup: site studies for future projects • long term background measurement and monitoring • signal propagation studies (signal speed, attenuation, refraction, …) • Operation at isolated sites • low power, self-sustained power supply • environmental range from Antarctica to hot climate • Scalability

  7. Status: Station 1 Operational test sensor, here:SALLA antenna(courtesy of Tunka-Rex) Power: cabled Comms.: cabled (Ethernet) In Preparation: Replace off-the-shelf DAQwith low-power,single-board design reference detectors:1 m2 plastic scintillator,segmented DESY Zeuthen,Mechanical Workshop

  8. In Preparation: Reference Detector Readout v2 AERA-trigger optional, switchable ring sampler (waveforms for calibration, debugging) rel. timing, time-over-threshold in FPGA (0.5 ns accuracy) abs. time: GPS (15 ns accuracy; best case) goal: power consumption < 10 W (w/o ADC)

  9. Test-Sensor Readout • Developed at KIT (IPE, IKP) for the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) • Four digitizers (180 MHz, 12 bit; can be interlaced to 2 × 360 MHz) • Deep ring buffer (7 seconds for 2 channels @ 180 MHz) • Powerful FPGA for real-time signal processing • External trigger from scintillation detector • Power: < 10 W (including LNAs for radio antenna) Block diagram:A. Schmidt, PhD Thesis, KIT (2012)

  10. TAXI &IceCube Surface Veto Array

  11. Scenario 1: (In-Situ) Characterization of Detection Units • Use new Detection Units (IceBag, …) as test sensor(would replace radio antenna; minor modifications to analog front-end required) • Detailed study of the air-shower response of Detection Units • In the North and in-situ! • Reference detectors allow triggering and reconstructionof air showers • Estimate of particle densityand arrival time atDetection Unit • Full Detection Unit response(waveforms) availablevia AERA board

  12. Scenario 2: TAXI Electronics As Basis for Veto • TAXI is modular! • AERA Board (test-sensor readout) can be removed • Veto Detection Units replace reference detectors • Read out leading edge time and time-over-threshold • optionally full waveforms via DRS4 at the expense of higher power requirements • TAXI interface allows usto use different • power supplies • communication modules • synchronization protocols(not yet)

  13. Some Thoughts About the Surface Veto • For “conventional” array: ½ to ⅔ of the cost are cables(M. DuVernois, Munich Coll. Mtg.) Can we reduce / simplify the cabling? • Power • Tricky at South Pole, some experience from ARA with wind turbines • Communications • Assume ~kHz trigger rates for each Detection Unit; only transmit timestamps • Transmit few kByte / second from each Detection Unit • Receive and buffer few MByte / second at ICL • Wireless comms. seems possible • Synchronization • Assume veto window of 1 µs • GPS receiver at each station (few 10 ns accuracy) feasible • In case fibers are run:White Rabbit + GbitEthernet is an option Jan, ICRC 2013

  14. Summary and Outlook • TAXI is a modular cluster for research & development on different aspects of arrays, e.g. an IceCube Surface Veto Array • Single station with external air shower trigger:test, characterization, and calibration of sensors / detector units • Four station cluster:development and test of clock synchronization, trigger, communication,and power distribution • easily transportable: in-situ tests and exploration of prospective sites • One prototype station constructed and successfully taking data • Timeline • Mid 2014: low-power, single-board readout available • End 2014: complete four station array at Zeuthen site

  15. Backup Slides

  16. Station 1 DAQ Power supply Cable delay for QDC AERA board Trigger board VME DAQ for Scintillators(QDC + TDC) VME readout:Raspberry Pi Power control via EthernetTemperature + humidity mon.

  17. Scintillation Detector • Input: ± 12 V • Output: differential,analog PMT signal (8 channels) Hamamatsu R 5900-3-M42 × 2 multi-anode PMT optical fiberseach tile read out by 2 sets of fibers 1 m2 tiled plastic scintillator 16 tiles, 25 × 25 cm each combined to 4 segmentsof 50 × 50 cm for readout

  18. Reconstructed Directions Direction of air shower reconstructed from arrival time differences Shadowing effectby experimental hall More horizontalevents missing horizontal vertical Azimuth Elevation (35 days of data)

  19. View in the Direction of 270°

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