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C151 Multi-User Operating Systems

C151 Multi-User Operating Systems. Linux History. Open Source Programming. Open source programming: 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU Project (GNU = Gnu is not Unix), a software movement to provide free and quality software.

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C151 Multi-User Operating Systems

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  1. C151 Multi-User Operating Systems Linux History

  2. Open Source Programming • Open source programming: 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU Project (GNU = Gnu is not Unix), a software movement to provide free and quality software. • 1984 – Stallman started to write the GNU C compiler (gcc), considered as one of the most efficient and robust compilers ever created. • Open source programs are released under the GNU General Public License.

  3. Linux History • Minix, the first open source operating system, written by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in C, about 12000 lines of code. • 1991, first Linux kernel written in C by Linus Torvalds, University of Helsinki, Finland. First message about it posted on August 25, first release in September. • It was developed with the contribution of many programmers around the world. • It is functionally similar to Unix (a clone).

  4. Linux Development • 1993 – FreeBSD 1.0 (Berkley Unix) • 1994 – RedHat Linux is introduced. • 1999 – Linux available for PowerPC (Apple) • Now – adopted by many companies and most universities, third world countries. • Standard for parallel and high performance computing (Beowulf clusters). • Available for most computers, including PDA, supports graphical user interfaces, networking, and has many applications.

  5. Why Linux • It's free! – the source code is also available and anybody can write their own Linux as long as they include the source code in the distribution. • Most users consider it a more stable and reliable OS than Windows. • It's an alternative to Microsoft's dominance of the software market. • It is multi-tasking, multi-user. Good support of multiple CPUs. • Many utilities and APIs are now included in most distributions, like the g++ compiler, OpenGL, MPI, pthreads, etc. • Mac OS now has an integrated shell and can run X11, Linux-specific applications.

  6. Linux Components • The kernel – the core of the OS that controls the resources. • A hierarchical file system (FHS) • Shells – applications that interpret the commands from the user. They are active in the textual mode or terminal mode. Shells can also execute script files. Examples: bash, tcsh, zsh, sh, etc. • Graphical interfaces – the X window system. Desktop interfaces: Gnome, KDE, fvwm, etc. Specific libraries: X11, gtk-glib-gnome, Qte, etc.

  7. Layered View of Linux Operating System

  8. Layered View of Linux Operating System

  9. Reading Assignment • Textbook: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

  10. Linux History on Youtube • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVTWCPoUt8w

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