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Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm

Grounding the ontology based on semantic interpretation, defining predicates valid across domains, and improving interpretation algorithm using examples. Modifications to upper-level concepts discussed.

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Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm

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  1. Grounding the Ontology on the Semantic Interpretation Algorithm Fernando Gomez School of Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida

  2. Motivation • The changes to the WordNet 1.6 ontology have come about as the result of: • Defining verb predicates for most Wordnet verb classes • Implementing an algorithm that uses the predicates to determine verb meaning, semantic roles, adjuncts attach prepositional phrases and interpret deverbal nominalizations

  3. Defining Predicates Valid Across Domains/Corpora • The selectional restrictions in the predicates are WordNet noun ontology categories • The selectional restrictions should be valid across any domain • By “valid” is meant that the algorithm using the predicate definitions should determine verb meaning, semantic roles, etc. in most sentences selected randomly from a given corpus

  4. Failing to Interpret and the Ontology • Some Examples: • France invaded Russia in 1812. • She burned the letters. • The fish hides in a crevice. • Blood flew from the wound. • The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks. • She was born on a plantation at Grand Riviere. • He spent money on foolish projects. • She buried the money under the tree.

  5. Physical-Thing (entity1) • Physical-Thing(entity1) • Location (location1) • Physical-object (object1) • Substance (substance1) • Physical-Group • Physical-Process -> Process • Natural-Phenomenon -> Phenomenon

  6. Physical-Object • Physical-Object(object1,exceptsubstance1andlocation1) • Physical-part (part7) • Plant-Part(plant-part1) -> ANIMATE • Animal-Body-Part(body-part1) -> ANI • Animate (life-form1) • Artifact (artifact1)

  7. Artifact1 • This concept has undergone few changes except for: • Structure1 Location • Some hyponyms  Organization • Building1(tavern, library, hotel, restaurant …) • Examples: “The restaurant hired a new chef.” “The library has acquired 300 new books.”

  8. Location (Location1) • District ((district1)(territory2)) Organization • State-or-Province (state2) Organization • Country ((country1) (state3))  Organization • Continent (continent1)  Organization • Residential-DistrictOrganization (residential_district1)

  9. Modifications to Group1 • Physical-Group is formed by all those concepts under group1 which are a collection of physical things, e.g., fleet, flora, fauna … • “The hurricane pushed the fleet into the rocks.” • Social_Group1 Human-Agent

  10. Abstraction (abstraction6) • Possession2 (unique concept in WN) • Psychological-Feature1 (unique in WN) • Property (property2, property4) • Relation (relation1) • Space (space1) • Time

  11. Possession (possession2) • Debt_Instrument1 (junkbond, notereceivable, etc.) has been made a subconcept of Possession and Written-Communication • Some hyponyms have been extracted: territory2 (dominion, province …) and real_property1 (hacienda, plantation .) • Some concepts have been been tangled to Physical-Thing (property1, belongings, etc.)

  12. Communication • Act-of-Communicating (communication1, has act2 as hypernym in WN) • Something-Communicated (communication2 a hyponym of social_relation1  relation1 in WN) • Written-Communication  Physical-Thing • Print-Media (print_media1, a hyponym of artifact1 in WN)

  13. Space (space1) • Space (space1) • Mathematical-Space (space2) • Empty-Area (space3)  Location • Outer-Space (space5)  Location Note: space3 is not a subconcept of location in WN and space5 is not a subconcept of space in WN.

  14. Time • Time • time-continuum (time5) • time-unit (time_unit1)  Measure • time-period (time-period1) • indefinite-period(time2) • time-interval(time-interval1) • clock-time (clock-time1)

  15. Psychological-Feature (Psychological-Feature1) • Psychological-State  state4 • Cognitive-StateState4 • Personal-Trait (trait1) Abstraction6 Note: These concepts have become subconcepts of psychological_feature1

  16. Quantity (quantity2) • Mathematical-Quantity (quantity3, a hyponym of psychological-feature in WN) • Measure • Measure-Quantum (measure3) • Measurement (measure1) • Magnitude-relation(magnitude-relation1)

  17. Process(process2) • Physical-Process  Physical-Thing • Natural-Process • Cognitive-Process  Psychological-Feature • Unconscious-Process (process5) • Psychoanalytic-Process Note: Process5, and Cognitive-Process have Psychological-Feature as hypernym in WN, not Process, while Psychoanalytic-Process has only process

  18. Unique Upper-Level Concepts • Physical-Thing (entity1) • Abstraction (abstraction6) • Action (action1) • State-R (state4) • Event (event1) • Process (process2) • Phenomenon (phenomenon1)

  19. Conclusions • We have explained some reorganizations and changes to the WN 1.6 upper-level ontology • These modifications have been dictated by a semantic interpretation algorithm • These modifications are within the principles that inspire WN noun ontology and can be easily integrated within it.

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