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Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health

Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health. Directorate of Public Health Department of Health Generalitat of Catalonia 4 December 2009. Health System geographical distribution. Total population : 7.504.881 inhabitants

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Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health

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  1. Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health Directorate of Public Health Department of Health Generalitat of Catalonia 4 December 2009

  2. Health System geographical distribution Total population : 7.504.881 inhabitants 9 Epidemiological Surveillance Units through out 7 Health Regions

  3. Statutory Reporting System circuit: Sources Health care facility Epidemiology Surveillance Units / SUVEC Health Protection SNMC Agency Epidemiology Surveillance control section -General SubDirectorate of Surveillance and Response to Public Health Emergencies National Epidemiology Center (CNE) Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid Other AACC International organizations

  4. European networks Bacterial • Ewglinet- Legionnaire’s disease in travellers Viral • European Influenza Surveillance Network

  5. Microbiological Reporting System of Catalonia CEISCAT (STI) SIM (CNE) Meningococcal Diseases Register Microbiologic Reporting System of Catalonia (SNMC) PIDIRAC Reporting laboratories Statutory Diease reporting system ( MDO) Measles-Rubella elimination programs Tuberculosis prevention and control program

  6. EPIDEMIC OUTBREAK DETECTION • High increase in the number of cases of a disease with respect to expected values (MDO, SNMC) • Cluster of cases of a disease which may have a common origin • Presentation of a disease in an area which free of the disease • Generally : Occurrence of two or more related cases* • *Measles, HUS….

  7. STEPS TAKEN IN THE INVESTIGATION OF AN EPIDEMIC OUTBREAK • . Reporting and confirmation of the outbreak • . Summary of preliminary data • . Hypothesis of the origin of the outbreak • . Implementing preventive control measures • . Lay out and execution of the outbreak investigation proceedings • . Results (assessing data obtained in the investigation) • . Conclusions • . Elaboration of the final report

  8. FINAL REPORTS OF THE INVESTIGATION • Knowledge with respect to the situation of epidemic outbreaks in our community. • Preventive measures to be taken in order to diminish the incidence of occurrence. Health Plans • Backing for legal actions derived from claims set by the courts • Information and diffusion to health professionals and population though the Epidemiologcal Bulletin of catalonia (BEC)

  9. DISEASE AND EVENTS UNDER SPECIFIC PROGRAMS • Poliomyelitis (AFPSurveillance) • Elimination/eradication Programs Measles • Rubeola • Parotitis • Surveillance of Legionnaires’ Disease EWGLINET • in travelers (European Working Group fo Legionella Infections Network) • Specific Disease Control Programs: Tuberculosis • Epidemic flu and other ARI PIDIRAC (ESWI) • (Programa d’Informació Diari d’Infeccions Respiratòries Agudes de Catalunya)

  10. Legionnaire’sdiseaseoutbreaks : Needfor data bases onpossiblesources Geographicaldesign of distribution Capabilityforrapidinformationrecall in anareawhere a case appears

  11. Acute Gastroenetritis and FBD :Outbreak control and management

  12. FOOD SAFETY INDICATORS • Food borne disease incidence • Exposure to food hazards • Prevalence of food hazards • Prevalence of hazards in steps prior to the introduction into the food chain and degree of compliance with preventive regulations

  13. Catalan Agency on Food Safety ACSA • Food chain control • Risk assessment • Consumer education

  14. Influenza Surveillance System • Rapid detection of epidemic activity onset • Characterization of isolated strains in circulation • Setting recommendations for vaccination

  15. Geographical distribution 38 (8 BCN city) centers with sentinel practitioners

  16. Influenza Surveillance System Surveillance period • From week 40 to week 20 of the following year Settings • Authonomus • Integrated into the National Flu Surveillance System (Centro Nacional de Epidemiología , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid) • Integrated into the European Flu Surveillance System(EISS) since epidemic flu season 2006-2007 • Mortality indicators • Number of deceased in Barcelona city • Number of deceased in 6 sentinel municipalities of the Barcelona province

  17. Influenza pandemic Preparedness Plan

  18. PANDEMIC Preparedness plans: Why • Pandemic impact can be diminished through surveillance , control and follow up systems • Need for coordinating activities between countries and states • Effects of pandemics can be long-lasting and resource consuming • Preventive and therapeutical resources might not be sufficient to cope with the demand Priorization is mandatory

  19. DISPONIBLE A: http://www.gencat.cat/salut/depsalut/html/ca/dir2090/doc9782.html

  20. PandemicInfluezaphases: OMS 2009

  21. PUBLIC HEALTH AIMS Interpandemic Pandemic alert Pandemic period Infection containment of new virus Delaying difusion Characterization of new subtype Early reporting of cases Pandemic impact reduction

  22. CIRCUIT Phase 5 First contact with health services: Protective measures (FPP2) in Priomary car e center • Suspected case acording to definition • (Preparedness plan) Survey ( clinical and epidemiological information). Urgent reporting to Surveillance Unit Derived for hospital admission: SEMSA (061)/own means Daily information feedback • Quaranteen at home • Active daily surveillance • Prophylaxis • Hospital admission • isolation (FP2 if needed) Laboratory

  23. Antiviral indications in Phase 5 When antiviral needed: • Contact with SU • Suspected, probable or confirmed case: • Treatment: oseltamivir • Prophylaxis of contacts: • Contact : oseltamivir • Pregnant women (risk assessment): Zanamivir • Contact Surveillance unit

  24. Alert Response Tots els centres sanitaris han de tenir un pla d’actuació a on hi constin les mesures organitzatives necessàries per donar una resposta assistencial efectiva, si es produís un increment important de la demanda a causa de la infecció. Objectius del : Donar una resposta assistencial eficaç Millorar la coordinació/cooperació amb la resta de serveis/recursos Facilitar una informació ràpida i fidedigna als casos, a les famílies i als contactes Preservar el màxim i restablir del funcionament normal del centre

  25. Alert Response(II) El pla d’actuació ha de contemplar mesures: Organitzatives i de gestió Recursos humans Protocols assitencials Recursos generals necessaris Davoli E (ed). A practical tool for the preparation of a hospital crisis preparedness plan, with special focus on pandemic influenza. World Health Organization Office for Europe

  26. PROTECCIÓ DE LA SALUT DELS TREBALLADORS Nous subtipus amb transmissió interhumana: repte salut treballadors • Exposició laboral a la infecció • Pot limitar extensió infecció a altres persones • Rol exemplar pot contribuir a limitar extensió • Identificació ràpida treballadors amb sospita grip • Exclusió temporal treballadors amb sospita grip • Treballadors que tenen cura malalts amb grip: no altres malalts i vacunats amb vacuna epidèmica

  27. CIRCUITS EN RELACIÓ A LA PROTECCIÓ DE LA SALUT . FASES 5 i 6 TREBALLADOR AMB SÍMPTOMES Servei de Prevenció de Riscos Laborals • Visita urgent • Registre i comunicació accident de treball • Mostra faríngia i nasal Incapacitat temporal per accident de treball Examen de Salut de retorn Valoració Resultats laboratori No Confirmació de laboratori Confirmació de laboratori Torna al seu lloc de treball Pot treballar amb malalts de grip

  28. Projecte HEALTHREATS : Sistema de Suport a la Decisió El projecte HEALTHREATS en què participa el Departament de Salut , i co-finançat per SANCO, està desenvolupant un Sistema de Suport a la Decisió concebut com a eina de suport durant les fases 4,5 i 6 definides per la OMS en el seu pla de preparació davant una pandemia de influenza. L’objectiu del SSD és donar suport als gestors de crisi en les seves tasques de presa de decisions complexes, manegant esdeveniments multiples i concurrents i ajudant en l’execució dels plans d’intervenció, suggerint pas a pas les accions a portar a terma. El Departament de Salut farà una prova de validació del Sistema de Suport a la Decisió, un cop estigui finalitzat.

  29. SSDs per a Gestió d’Emergencies RODOS, a Real time DSS project supported by the EC, but focussed exclusively on nuclear emergency management; RISKWARE, a commercial DSS with some risk analysis functionality and simulation models for several type of emergencies, that however is missing any re-engineering feature, organisational or procedural link; MUSKETEER, a Multi-Environment DSS and Exploitation project, supported by the Canadian Defence agency, but focussed on terrorism Emergency Responses; CAMEO, aComputer-Aided Management system of Emergency Operations, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, focussed on emergencies due to chemical dangerous agents; HAZMAT, a DSS developed at the University of Virginia and James Mason University, addressing in particular chemical terrorist attacks; L-3 CRISIS™, an interesting DSS developed by L-3 aimed at emergency management, however missing the organisational and procedural aspects;

  30. SDD per a Gestió d’Emergencies EQESOFT and EQECAT, tools developed by EQE International, devoted to natural risks management; ARGOS, a Decision-Support System focussed on Radiological-Nuclear Hazard Preparedness and Response; SAGBATA, a tool thought for general crises and major disasters’ management, part of the Civil Emergency Planning Action Plan from NATO, for the improvement of civil preparedness for possible attacks against the civilian population (therefore not specifically designed and suitable for human health related crises).

  31. Rol del SSD El SSD, mitjançant procediments interactius, permet a l’usuari: L’acces a la informació necessaria (correctament agrupada i sintetitzada) per tal de comprendre i valorar el problema. Analitzar la informació des de diferents perspectives i a nivells de detall diferents. Valorar possibles alternatives Fer eleccions racionals, donant suport a l’usuari durant el procés de decisió.

  32. Rol del SSD Suport a la implementació d’activitats decisionals complexes, no automatizades. A qualsevol nivel: operatiu, directional i estrategic. Fa ús de la informació per a implementar activitats decisionals: necessiten d’un sistema informatiu excellent El sistema de suport a la decisión ajuda a l’usuari a prendre decisions, però no el substitueix.

  33. SSD a Healthreats Principals activitats relacionades amb el SSD fetes i que es portaran a terme durant els propers mesos: Analisi del domini aplicatiu Especificació i analisi dels requeriments; Refinament dels requeriments i analisi addicional Definició del lenguatge intermediari per a la representació dels plans d’intervenció Definició d’esdeveniments primaris i plans gestionats pel SSD (cas italià) Conclusions i codificació dels plans.

  34. Precaucions d’aïllament: http://www.gencat.cat/salut/depsalut/html/ca/dir2100/spveprev2.pdf • Antisèptics i desinfectants: http://www.gencat.cat/salut/depsalut/pdf/antiseptics.pdf • Informació sobre nou virus grip A (H1N1): http://www.gencat.cat/especial/grip_a/cat/index.htm http://www.gencat.cat/salut/depsalut/html/ca/dir438/doc30553.html http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html http://www.msc.es/ • Projecte Healthreats http://www.healthreats.eu

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