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European Conference on Millennium Development Goals

European Conference on Millennium Development Goals. Inclusion of People With Disabilities. INTRODUCTION. The MDGs consist of 8 goals, and the overall goal is to halve absolute poverty, the proportion of people living on less than US$1 per day, by 2015.

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European Conference on Millennium Development Goals

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  1. European Conference on Millennium Development Goals Inclusion of People With Disabilities

  2. INTRODUCTION • The MDGs consist of 8 goals, and the overall goal is to halve absolute poverty, the proportion of people living on less than US$1 per day, by 2015. • Disabled People’s Organisations (DPOs) and other organisations in the disability sector working with and for the persons with disabilities have involved themselves in efforts to inform and influence, within the context of achieving the millennium development goals, the formulation and implementation the PRSP strategies for poverty reduction, introduced in 1999 as an important element in the enhanced HIPC 2 initiative for debt reduction.

  3. BACKGROUND • Generally, persons with disabilities remain at the periphery of development and poverty reduction strategies. • No systematic mainstreaming of disability in programmes to achieve millennium development goals • No capacity among DPOs and government departments to effectively plan and implement mainstreamed programmes.

  4. BACKGROUND • Attempts made to address inclusion in poverty reduction, education and creation of a global partnership. • However, progress is generally slow.

  5. BACKGROUND • No (user-led) research or evidence gathered to determine extent of inclusion or mainstreaming of disability in a number of the millennium development goals.

  6. We are able!

  7. SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN AFRICA • There is a large and growing number of persons with disabilities in Africa today. • Major causes of disabling impairments: • War, violence and accidents: 95,000 civilians have been disabled by landmines in Angola and Mozambique alone • Malnutrition, including iodine and Vitamin A deficiency - the cause of disability for about 10 million people

  8. SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN AFRICA • Infectious diseases such as polio, HIV & Aids and TB • Infectious diseases - arising frompoverty, bad sanitation and harmful traditional practices • Congenital conditions - often caused by poor birthing methods and malnutrition in the mother

  9. SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN AFRICA • There are over 50 million people with disabilities in Africa - most live in rural areas • 50% of the disabled population are women • Only 2% of disabled adults and children get any form of rehabilitation • Only 2% of disabled children get any education at all • 90% of children with intellectual impairments die before the age of 5 • In some countries, 90% of disabled children do not survive after they are 20 • 70% of disabled adults are unemployed and live in complete poverty or by begging

  10. Goa1 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Of the estimated over 600 million persons with disabilities worldwide, 70 per cent live in developing countries, and according to UN statistics, 82 per cent live below the poverty line[1]. The World Bank estimates that persons with disabilities comprise about 20% of the poorest of the poor[2]. • [1] Hope, T. 2003, ‘DISABILITIES: Aid Groups Call for A UN Convention To Protect Rights’, UNWire, 14 Feb. • [2] Elwan, op. cit.

  11. Goa1 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • The lives of 35% of the population in Africa are believed to be impacted by disability • As many as 50 per cent of disabilities are preventable and directly linked to poverty[1]. • [1] DFID, op. cit.

  12. Goa1 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger-responses • Therefore, programmes that prevent poverty, and hunger among persons with disabilities and promote mainstreaming in PRSP programmes should be encouraged, supported and funded. • The Secretariat’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Programmes

  13. Goal 1-Examples of Disability NGO Initiatives • NUDIPU’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers process in Uganda • Mainstreaming disability in five-year plan in Zambia • Policy and Legislation Approaches (Namibia, South Africa, Uganda, and other countries)

  14. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education • United Nations studies show that only 1-2% of children with disabilities in developing countries receive an education[1]. • United Nations Centre for Human Rights estimates that only 2% of persons with disabilities have access to rehabilitation and appropriate basic services[2] (access to these services is essential to enable children with disabilities to attend school). • [1] UNESCO 1998, From Special Needs Education to Education for All. • [2] DFID, op. cit.

  15. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education-responses • Urgent need to appropriate educational programmes and compulsory education of children with disabilities • Piloting of inclusive education and revisiting special education in some countries • Free education

  16. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women • Women with disabilities are often doubly disadvantaged, through their status as women and as persons with disabilities, and hence represent one of the most marginalised groups in society. • Girls with disabilities attend school less frequently than boys with disabilities[1]. • Females with disabilities are twice to three times more likely to be victims of physical and sexual abuse than females with no disabilities[2]. • [1] DFID, op. cit. • [2] DFID, op. cit.

  17. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women-responses • Urgent need for programmes that address gender equality and the empowerment of women with disabilities. • African network of women with disabilities • Gender policies in progressive DPOs • Policy and legislation to guarantee gender equality and empowerment of women

  18. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality • Mortality of children with disabilities can be as high as 80% even in countries where overall under-five mortality is below 20%[1]. • 1 in 10 children are born with, or acquire, a disability[2]. • [1] DFID, op. cit. • [2] UNICEF, Child protection, child disabilities: Global Magnitude and basic facts. Available: http://www.unicef.org/programme/cprotection/focus/disabilities/facts.htm Accessed 13 June 2003.

  19. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality • For every child killed by armed conflict, three are injured or permanently disabled. Over 10 million children are psychologically traumatised by armed conflict[3]. • [3] UNICEF, op. cit.

  20. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality-responses • Empower and mobilise parents • Children’s programmes • Ratification of the Children’s Rights Convention • Developing policies and legislation

  21. Goal 5: Improve maternal health • As many as 20 million women a year suffer disability & long term complications as a result of pregnancy & childbirth, hence approximately every minute 30 women are injured or disabled from childbirth[1]. • A major cause of disability in children includes abnormal pre-natal or peri-natal events[2]. A large number of perinatal disabilities in children can be prevented or ameliorated by skilled birth attendants. • [1] UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UNFPA Promotes Safe Motherhood. Available: http://www.unfpa.org/rh/mothers/index.htm Accessed 28 April 2003. • [2] UNICEF 1980, Childhood Disability: Its Prevention and Rehabilitation, UNICEF Document E/ICEF/L/1410.

  22. Goal 5: Improve maternal health-responses • Programmes to improve maternal and reproductive health • Advocacy targeted at Departments of Health in the different countries

  23. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis are the 1st, 6th and 9th leading causes of losses in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in high mortality countries respectively[1]. DALYs are the number of healthy years of life lost due to premature death and disability. • [1] WHO 2002a, World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life, Geneva.

  24. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • About 1 in 10 children suffer from neurological impairment after cerebral malaria, including epilepsy, learning disabilities and loss of coordination[1]. • [1] Wellcome Trust, Malaria and people.Available: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/en/malaria/MalariaAndPeople/mp_neurd1.html. Accessed 28 July 2003.

  25. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • 37.8 million people (range: 34.6–42.3 million) worldwide are living with HIV. And still, AIDS expands relentlessly, destroying people’s lives and in many cases seriously damaging the fabric of societies (Asindua, 2006))

  26. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Subgroups within the disabled population are at especially increased risk compared with other individual PWDs. • women • disabled members of ethnic and minority communities • disabled adolescents • those living in institutions • Intellectually disabled persons

  27. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Issues: • Poor access to HIV/AIDS information and services • Social vulnerability • Victim of sexual violence (rape among intellectually disabled boys and girls, “virgin rape”, etc)

  28. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Research / academic institutions have also contributed in the area of disability and HIV/AIDS: the Global Survey on Disability and HIV/AIDS by the Yale University and the World bank • Centre for International Child Health in University College London: social research in Rwanda, Uganda and Swaziland.

  29. DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA • Inadequate Capacity and resources. • However, some initiatives around HIV/ AIDS, PRSPs and Education at different levels of development and implementation: • Working to reduce this vulnerability among members (Asindua, 2006). • (SAFOD) has done outstanding work in 6 countries in the region

  30. DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA • HIV/AIDS: • Central African region, in countries like Cameroon, DPOs are working on mainstreaming disability issues in the National HIV/AIDS coordinating body and also preparing a national survey to establish the HIV/AIDS prevalence among PWDs.

  31. DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA • HIV/AIDS: • The Council on Community Based Rehabilitation Training (CCBRT) in Tanzania has published about the urgency to integrate HIV/AIDS issues into Community Based Rehabilitation action • In Kenya there is a VCT centre for the deaf by Liverpool VCT to address issues of confidentiality, counseling and testing among the deaf community (Asindua, 2007)

  32. DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA • HIV/AIDS: • Activities to improve access to HIV/AIDS information and care have also been implemented by various international organizations like SHIA, CBM,DSI, Save the Children, VSO and Handicap International in eastern and southern Africa.

  33. SECRETARIAT’S RESPONSE • AFRICAN COALITION ON DISABILITY AND HIV/AIDS • There is still an urgent need for action, for collaboration and support of innovative efforts for the inclusion of disabled populations in HIV/AIDS outreach and service efforts.

  34. Purpose of the coalition • The purpose of the Coalition is to reduce the number of new HIV infections among the disabled population through: • Greater HIV/AIDS awareness among the most vulnerable disabled persons • Greater global awareness of the particular vulnerability of certain members of the disabled population • Providing guidance for mainstreaming Disability into HIV/AIDS prevention, testing and care programmes • Strengthening DPOs to enable them to play a monitoring role

  35. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability • Poor environmental quality is directly responsible for about 25% of all preventable ill-health in the world, with diarrhoeal diseases as a leading cause[1]. For example, deforestation leaves areas more susceptible to flooding and land slides, increasing the possible transmission of water-borne diseases which can cause diarrhoea. • [1] WHO 1997, Health and Environment in Sustainable Development: Five Years after the Earth Summit, Geneva.

  36. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability • Urgent need to promote programmes that address environmental issues, and/or promote the active participation of persons with disabilities in environmental programmes as users, beneficiaries or entrepreneurs.

  37. Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development • The strengthening of national DPOs and their alliances with relevant organisations in their own country, and in donor countries, should promote good governance with more accountable governments in relation to disabilities in developing countries.

  38. WHAT AU and GOVERNMENTS ARE DOING? • Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Campaigns that largely exclude persons with disabilities. • Health Policies that do not take into account the needs of persons with disabilities. • Generally below par performance on all millennium development goals.

  39. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report • 1. Debt release as decided by G-8 – chaired by UK- as a result of Commission for Africa Report: -          comprehensive debt cancellation for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC): 40 Billion US $; 25 Billion US $ for 18 African Countries -          funding for PRSP, which could include programmes for people with disability -          details of implementation however unclear, when and how

  40. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report • 2. Increase of ODA as decided by G-8 as a result of Commission for Africa Report • EU:0,56 % GNP by 2010 and 0, 7 % by 2015 for ODA • -significant increase in ODA, could provide additional funding for programmes for disability and Global Campaigns

  41. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report • Key challenges: • A lot of potential for more development • Uncertain, if commitment to 0,7 % GNP for ODA is realized • Scope of programmes for and level of involvement of people with disability in PRSP open • The Quality of diagnosis of poverty situations • Inconsistent budget allocations • Lack of commitment by authorities • Lack of accountability of the authorities

  42. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report • Recommendations: • Jointly seize the present window of opportunity for inclusion of disability • Lobby in Developed Countries for keeping commitment to 0,7 % GNP • Get involved with PRSP to include disability

  43. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report • Objectives and measures: -coordinate efforts in the South (African Union/ African Decade) and in the North to impact present global developments for inclusion of disability - for example via the Global Partnership for Development and Disability (GPDD) -engage jointly DPO´s & NGO´s in awareness raising campaigns in developed countries - for example VISION 2020 - for achieving 0,7 % GNP for ODA

  44. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report -get involved with PRSP to include people with disability in the programme, both formulation as well as implementation – see present pilot HI / CBM “PRSP & disability” project in Tanzania -international call for defining “disability” as one indicator for evaluation of PRSP - central issue for lobbying in North & South

  45. Global Campaigns & Commission for Africa Report -inclusion of disability as a mainstreaming task in European Development Programmes as proposed in joint European NGO & DPO proposal -Governments in Developing Countries state requests for funding of programmes to include disability in development programmes via African Union /African Decade?

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