Albert Einstein

1. Albert Einstein By Raisa Micallef Reference: www.en.wikipedia.org

2. Early life • Born in Germany on 14th March 1879 • Born in a family of non-observant Jews • When young he was curious on how a compass works • As he grew Einstein built models and mechanical devices for fun and began to show a talent for mathematics • A family friend who was a medical student used to give Einstein popular books on science, mathematics and philosophy

3. Education • In 1894 his father’s business failed and the family moved to Italy • His father wanted Einstein to study electrical engineering but Einstein clashed with the school authorities and did not agree on the teaching method • In 1895 at the age of 16 he sat for the entrance exam of the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich. He failed to reach the required standard in several subjects, mainly French, but obtained exceptional grades in physics and mathematics. • He completed his secondary schooling at the Aargau Cantonal School in Aarau, Switzerland

4. Higher Education • In 1896 he renounced his German citizenship to avoid military service and passed the Swiss Matura with high grades including top grades in physics and mathematics • He started a 4 year diploma course in mathematics and physics teaching at the Zurich Polytechnic from where he graduated in 1900

5. Post graduate studies • In 1905 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich • In 1908 he was recognized as a leading scientist and was appointed lecturer at the University of Bern

6. Inventions and awards • During 1911 based on his new theory of general relativity he calculated that light from another star would be bent by the Sun’s gravity. This was confirmed 8 years later by British scientists. International media reports of this made Einstein world famous • In 1921 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect • In 1925 he was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society

7. Career • Throughout his career Einstein published hundreds of books and articles. In addition to the work he did by himself he also collaborated with other scientists on other projects. • A list of the scientific areas in which Einstein worked is given in the next slides:

8. Works • Thermodynamic fluctuations and statistical physics • General principles: He articulated the principle of relativity, the principle of equivalence and the principle of adiabatic invariance of the quantum number. • Theory of relativity and E = mc² • Photons and energy quanta • Quantized atomic vibrations • Adiabatic principle and action-angle variables • Wave–particle duality • Theory of critical opalescence • Zero-point energy • General relativity and the equivalence principle • Hole argument and Entwurf theory • Cosmology

9. Works • Modern quantum theory • Bose–Einstein statistics • Energy momentum pseudotensor • Unified field theory • Wormholes • Einstein–Cartan theory • Equations of motion • Einstein–de Haas experiment • Schrödinger gas model • Einstein refrigerator • Bohr versus Einstein • Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox

10. Death • On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding. Einstein refused surgery, saying: "I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go. I will do it elegantly." He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76, having continued to work until near the end • During the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Stoltz Harvey, removed Einstein's brain for preservation without the permission of his family, in the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent

11. The End

12. P.S.When he was younger my Dad had met Einstein to discuss some of his theories with him .....Einstein was speechless ... because he was made of wax !!!